第1章翻译的技巧篇
1.1 转换译法
⊙名词转换
1. Strong feelings and a large brain were its parents.（The Gettysburg Address by The Gettysburg Address）
【译文】深厚的感情和先进的思想孕育了这个讲话。
【解析】原文中的名词parents译文翻译为动词孕育，更加符合汉语的表达习惯。
2. In some cases, deserts are the creation of destruction of virgin forest.
【译文】沙漠有时是人类毁坏原始森林造成的。
【解析】译文将原文中的名词destruction翻译为动词毁坏，使得译文更加流畅自然。
3. You owe me an apology.
【译文】你应该向我道歉。
【解析】译文在翻译原文名词apology时将其处理为动词道歉，符合汉语的语言风格和表达习惯。
4. Access to Internet is very simple.
【译文】很容易连接互联网。
5. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.
【译文】读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。
【解析】原文acquaintance是名词，本意为熟悉，翻译时将其处理为动词，并结合其后搭配的短语选取意思，译文将其翻译为动词读，使得整个译文符合汉语的逻辑和语言风格。
6. Repeated changes in a flow direction ensure even diffusion over the entire exit area.
【译文】反复改变流动方向，可确保在整个出口域内扩散均匀。
【解析】原文名词changes翻译为动词改变，汉语表达多用动词，因此使得译文流畅自然。
7. Mozart was a great lover of music when he was a boy.
【译文】莫扎特儿时酷爱音乐。
【解析】原文中的名词lover若果翻译为名词，则失去了原文想表达对音乐的热爱程度，而翻译为动词酷爱，既表达出了原文的意思又符合汉语的表达习惯。
8. The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.
【译文】数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取坚决措施去创造新的生活条件。
9. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.
【译文】仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
【解析】原文中study和translation都是名词，翻译时将分别将名词翻译为动词研究和翻译，使得译文读起来更加符合汉语的表达习惯。
10. Long-term interest rates have soared almost fourfold in the past three months as a result of plunges in the government bond market.
【译文】由于政府公债市场暴跌，长期利率在过去三个月中暴涨了几乎四倍。
【解析】原文中plunges为名词，翻译时将其处理为动词，使得译文意思表达清晰明确，流畅自然。
11. The company planned to seek tenders from specified bidders in consideration of the size of the project and the sizable percentage of public funds to be injected into it.
【译文】考虑到该项目的规模以及投入其中的相当比例的公共资金，该公司计划从特定投标人当中寻求投标。
12. With the further deterioration of the Western economy, the prospects of chemicals market become very dim.
译文翻译【译文】随着西方经济状况进一步恶化，化工市场的前景变得暗淡无光。
【解析】原文中的deterioration是名词，译文将其翻译为动词恶化，符合原文的意思和译文的表达习惯。
13. The wrong power-line connection will damage the motor.
【译文】电源线接错了，就会损坏发动机。
【解析】原文中的connection是名词，翻译时将其处理为动词接，更加符合译文的逻辑和语言风格。
14. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.
【译文】由于世界普遍粮食缺乏，这就直接影响到科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家。
15. The emphasis on data gathered first-handed, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
【译文】强调收集一手数据，采用一种跨文化的视角来分析过去与现在的文化，这使该研究成为一门独特而十分重要的社会科学。
【解析】本句中，名词短语“The emphasis on data gathered first-handed, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present”为句子的主语。因为主语部分比较长，所以可以进行一定的拆分。“The emphasis on data gathered first-handed,”如果直译为名词词性“对……的强调”很不好组织语言结构，这个时候就可以采用词性转换，将名词“emphasis”翻译为动词词性的“强调”，因此，前半句的翻译就变成了“强调收集一手数据”。
16. A developing economy with an impressive development plan requires large
imports of capital goods, technology, raw materials and other inputs and consumer goods to carry out the plan effectively.
【译文】一个具有宏伟发展计划的发展中国家，为了有效地实施其发展计划，可能需要大量进口资本货物、技术、原材料和消费品及其他产品。
17. We put forward for your consideration an offer for our new products, and hope you will take advantage of this opportunity.
【译文】我方就自己的新产品进行报价，供贵方考虑，希望贵方抓住本次机会。
18. Elad Shimon was English and French teacher for two years at the Jewish school. 【译文】埃尔达德·西蒙在那所犹太学校教过两年英文和法文。
19. He is a man of few words, but also an observer of life.
【译文】他言语不多，却喜欢观察生活。
【解析】“observer”这个身份词在汉语参考译文中转换成了动词“观察”。
20. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
【译文】在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。
【解析】原文中的forgiver是名词，翻译时将其处理为动词宽恕，符合汉语的逻辑和表达习惯。
21. This is compelling evidence that market liberalization is compatible with a wide range of economic, social and political preferences.
【译文】这强有力地证明了市场自由化符合广泛的经济、社会和政治倾向。
22. Indo-China is a drain on French resources.
【译文】印度支那战争不断地消耗法国的资源。
23. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
24. He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies.
【译文】他告诫全国公民，必须坚持参加政治论战。
25. The establishment of communication between people belonging to different speech communities has long been an important form of linguistic performance. 【译文】长期以来，在隶属于不同语言体的人们之间建立交流是语言行为的重要形式。
26. We have decided to place a trial order f or the following on the terms stated in your letter.
【译文】根据来函条款，我公司决定试订下列货物。