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Machine Translation
Machine translation, or natural language handling, has been one of the items of artificial intelligence. dealing with sentences and paragraphs, not only words and phrases. Its steps are, logically analyzing source sentences by computer, identifying the components in a sentence, making reference to a dictionary prestored in a computer, and then translating the sentences one by one.
Since 1980s a number of Chinese universities have been engaged in both E-C and C一E translation software development. The study centered on: 1. analyzing syntax relationship between Chinese words and phrases; 2. summarizing typical Chinese sentences into standard sentence patterns. It is reported that a library covering 10 years' people's Daily containing 2,000 structures and 10,000 typical sentence patterns, has been compiled for use in translation of political articles.
Computers have helped somewhat through the development of artificial languages that are to be used as a medium. If this succeeds, then C一E translation may be carried out in two steps, first from Chinese to the medium and, second, from the medium to English. E一C translation may be done in the reverse direction. But none of artificial languages so far has proved completely adequate, since computers are incapable of discerning the mean fines
The Bronze Mirror
Humans, in their early tribal society, cherished the desire to lead a comfortable life and have more daily necessities. Therefore, they made tools using natural materials. Then technical inventions came out.
Visiting a museum, we often see various types of ancient bronze mirrors. Used as a household necessity for dressing by the ancient Chinese people, these mirrors were mostly unearthed from ancient tombs, while some are kept as heirlooms.
Shanghai Museum exhibits a bronze mirror, the "light-penetrating mirror", measuring 11.5 c
m in diameter. It is a treasure of the Western Han period. Like an ordinary bronze mirror; it bears patterns and inscriptions on the back. But what amazes people is that when a bundle of rays is projected onto the surface of the. mirror, which, in turn, reflects the light on the wall, the patterns and inscriptions on the backside are shown in the ring of the light, as if they had penetrated the whole thickness of the mirror. Hence came the name of the mirror. For along time in the past, even scientists were so puzzled at the phenomenon that it was called a "magic mirror". Today, reproductions of this mirror are being made and sold as souvenirs and they appeal very much to tourists.
The Port of Shanghai
Located in the middle China's coastline and at the Changjiang (Yangtzi) River's outlet to the East China Sea，the Port of Shanghai faces the Pacific Ocean at the front and is supported by the city of Shanghai一the country's largest economic，scientific and technological center. Access to various parts of the country is provided by rail，highway and inland navigation，which enable the Port to transship the commodities from 20 Chinese provinces. Internationally，the Port has so far
established trading and shipping relations with over 400 ports in more than 160 countries and regions. Its annual cargo handling has reached 400 million tons, accounting for 35% of total via 15 China's major ports. Its international container handling capacity accounts for 33% of that of China's ports along the coast.
To accomplish the modern shipping need, the Port of Shanghai is quickening the construction and professional development of international container berths. The operation adopts advanced handling methods and; computer technology, with container cranes at quayside and other heavy-duty machinery in the yard
Disease of the Century
At the threshold of the 21st century, we are going to embrace an age of chances and challenges, which is filled with risks and crises. Looking into the future, however, we can't afford to be optimistic. In spite of the prolific economic and technical achievements and advancements we have made, the ecological cost is unprecedented, as demonstrated by the increasingly severe desertification, shrinking supplies of fresh water, an unbearable sca
le of air pollution, acid rain and chemical residues in food etc. We cannot even tell whether we are sick.
For years, the medical experts from all over the world have committed themselves to establishing a set of scientific criteria for health.. When carefully studying how the structure and function of. every part of the body contribute to real health, they arrive at the same conclusion that physical health and psychological health are interrelated and interdependent. Therefore, a new criterion of health that every checking index must be complete1y normal has been gradually adopted by the world since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1950s, World Health Organization (WHO) announced to the world an authoritative and scientific definition of health："The concept of health is that one keeps healthy in energy, body and social communication.”During the same period the Japanese proposed the so-called "Four Fast's" criterion for measuring health, namely, eat fast, digest fast, sleep fast and speak fast (a sign of smartness)．
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