Lesson 5 The facts
1-1 报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.
生词学习
●∙∙Editor n. 编辑
补充：同根词
edit v.编辑editing, edited edit out 剪掉、删除
--The edited out several scenes. 他们剪掉好⼏几场戏。
-
-Max Perkins persuaded Thomas Wolfe to edit out 90000 words from his first novel. 伯⾦金金斯说服了了伍尔夫删掉了了初稿中的9万多字。
●∙∙Provide
provide = supply=offer 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
provide sb with sth / provide sth. for sb
He provided them with a bed for the night.
= He provided a bed for them for the night
【注】可以用provide, supply, offer替换give,表示把sth.给sb.
短语学习
go to extremes (to do sth.) 走极端
They often go to extremes in their views. 他们在看法上经常走极端。
Women often go to extremes to stay slim.
Cinderella’s step-sisters go to extremes to fit into the crystal shoe.
注：extremes采⽤用了了名词复数的形式，表示泛指事物的各个极 端。
补充：近义表达
carry / take sth. to extremes
--Problems can occur when people take dieting to extremes. 当⼈人们为了了减肥⽽而⾛走极端时，问题就会出现。
补充：extreme的其他表达
go from one extreme to the other
--His mood changes from one extreme to the other. 他的情绪从波 动很⼤大。
go to the opposite extreme
Extremes meet. 物极必反。
in the extreme 表示强调
--dangerous in the extreme = extremely dangerous 极为危险
--difficult in the extreme =extremely difficult 极为困难
补充：反义表达
Never overdo or undo. 做事要适度。
the golden doctrine of “half and half” 中庸之道
补充3：描述不同的做事方式
go to extremes to do sth. 走极端做某事
take a lot of risks doing sth. 冒险做某事
be reckless to do sth. 不计后果做某事
take great pains to do sth. 费力做某事
have great difficulty (in) doing sth. 做......很困难
1-2 去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。
Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.
生词学习
●∙∙Journalist n. 记者；
补充：近义比较
journalist n. 新闻行业的记者 （journalism 新闻业）
reporter 泛指所有记者；
correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员
●∙∙Instruct vt. 教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
instruct sb to do sth.= tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事
The teacher instructed him to take the examination.
补充：近义比较
instruct比ask, tell更能表达出正式性。（意思相近，使用场合不一样）
command, order 强调上级对下级的命令，而instruct则侧重一种指令。
地道表达
●∙∙well-known adj. 有名的，众所周知的
注：此是一种构成复合形容词的方式，即在well- 后加上动词过去分词形式重新构成一个形容词。如well-acted 表演的很好的； well-dressed 穿着讲究的。
●∙∙On = about 侧重强调课题专一
-- a book on radio
【注】表示书或文章等是关于……的，除了熟知的about, 还可以用on.
1-3稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。
{When the article arrived}, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.
地道表达
∙
refuse vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）
∙
I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
补充：同义比较
decline vt.高中英语文章婉言谢绝
“I declined election to the National Institute of Arts and Letters[国家文学艺术协会] some years ago, and now I must decline the Pulitzer[普利策奖]” ---Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱尔.赖维斯
repudiate vt.断然拒绝
句式句法
●∙∙When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
【注】英语是个物化的语言，所以喜欢用无生命的事物作为句子的主语，和中文正好相反，中文“当编辑收到稿子后”同英文 “When the article arrived”，都是不同语言体系中的地道表达。
翻译时除了注意主语的选择外，还应该注意不同的名词和动词的搭配（article arrived; the editor received）
The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.'
地道表达
●∙∙∙Lead to 引向；导致
（1）此处表示“（道路）通向......”；
（2）表示“导致”；“引发”。用来连接时间 上先后发⽣生、逻辑上前因后果的AB两事件
Her investigations lead to the discovery of the missing evidence. 她展开调查，到了了失踪的⽂文件。(因为她的调查，所以才到了⽂件)
Many people are convinced that education leads to higher income. 很多⼈人相信受教育就能挣⼤大钱。(因为受教育，所以挣大钱)
These calculations lead to selfishness. 这些盘算导致了自私的人性。
There is no doubt that stress will lead to physical illness.
Carelessness can lead to serious problems.
（3）lead sb. to sth./to do sth. 抽象的“引领”
她对艺术的兴趣引领她踏⼊入绘画的事业。
Her interest in art leads her to a career in painting. (to作为介词+名词a career)
=He interest in art leads her to become a painter. (to作为不不定式标 志+动词原形do)补充：扩展
固定搭配
几百级台阶通向高墙：hundreds of steps lead to the high wall
句式句法
∙
The article began
∙
引出文章或信的内容时，可以用此表达：The article began/The ；或者是：As the article put it,…
2-1 编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax (instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall).
地道表达
∙
height “海拔；高度”，对应的形容词是high。
∙
比较：width“宽度”—wide“宽的”；depth“深度”—deep “深的”； length“长度”— long“长的”
固定搭配
发传真： send a fax
核实确切的数据：find out the exact number
句式句法
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
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