七年级上册地理第一章、第二章知识点整理
答：
Chapter 1: The Earth and Maps
n 1: The Earth and the Globe
1.The shape and size of the Earth: The Earth is an XXX 6,371 kilometers。a maximum circumference of 40,000 kilometers。and a surface area of 510 n square kilometers.
XXX n of longitude and latitude:
Longitude: Vertical lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
Latitude: Horizontal lines that run parallel to the equator and wrap around the Earth.
2.Evidence that the Earth is a sphere: Magellan's n。lunar eclipses。observing ships from the beach。XXX images of the Earth.
3.Longitude and latitude:
Longitude (meridians) Latitude (parallels)
ns Starting at the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) Starting at the Equator (0° latitude)
ns East or West of the Prime Meridian North or South of the Equator
Symbols E or W for East or West N or S for North or South
Ranges From 0° to 180° E or W From 0° to 90° N or S
n Degrees + W or E Degrees + N or S
Hemispheres: The Earth can be divided into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres。as well as the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Other XXX: The nal Date Line。which is opposite the Prime Meridian。and the circle of longitude。which is made up of two opposite meridians (i.e。two XXX difference of 180°).
4.XXX:南极洲面积
Spain - Atlantic Ocean - Southern tip of South America - Pacific Ocean - Indian Ocean - Cape of Good Hope - Spain.
n 2: The Earth's Movement
XXX'XXX:
XXX: The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east。which takes about 24 hours to complete。This creates the day and night cycle.
XXX: The Earth revolves around the Sun from west to east。which takes about 365.25 days to XXX.
XXX: XXX difference depends on the n。The farther east。the earlier the time。When viewed from the North Pole。the Earth rotates counterclockwise。while it XXX.
2.The summer solstice has the highest sun angle at noon。while the winter solstice has t
he lowest。The summer solstice has the longest day。while the winter solstice has the shortest。The four seasons are:
Spring: March 20 or 21 - May
Summer: XXX 21 - August
XXX: September 22 or 23 - November
Winter: December 22 or 23 - February
3.The five temperature zones are based on the amount of solar n received:
XXX。XXX。XXX.
4.XXX three latitude zones are:
Low latitude (0°-30°)。middle latitude (30°-60°)。and high latitude (60°-90°).
本文介绍了地球表面的气候和地形特征，以及地图和地形图的基本要素和判断方法。
地球赤道以南北回归线和南北极圈为界，气候终年炎热，无明显季节变化；而北极圈和南极圈以外的地区四季分明，北极圈以北和南极圈以南则终年严寒，出现极昼和极夜的现象。
地图是将地理事物按比例缩小后在平面上表示的图像，包括比例尺、方向和图例三要素。比例尺是图上距离与实地距离的比值，大小决定了图像的详略程度；方向一般采用上北下南左西右东定向，也可采用指向标定向和经纬网定向；图例和注记则用符号和文字说明地理事物和数字。
地形图是用等高线表示地面高低起伏的地图，包括等高线地形图、分层设地形图和地形剖面图。等高线是在地图上将海拔相同的各点连接成线，通过等高线的分布和形态可以判断山地、高原、平原、盆地和丘陵等地形类型。