大班幼儿同伴冲突起因及对策研究
学前教育专业
摘  要
社会适应和人际交往是儿童成长阶段必不可少的组成部分,是儿童学习的首要内容,也是幼儿社会性发展的必由之路。大班幼儿阶段是儿童良好社会性发展形成的关键时期。所以,引导幼儿选用积极有效的同伴冲突解决策略,是发展儿童良好社会性的有效途径。进而建立起良好的同伴关系,促使儿童良好品格、优秀素质的形成。
国内外众多学者研究分析了大班阶段幼儿的生理发展和心理发展,发现在大班这个阶段,因为其年龄的增长,儿童对人际交往之间的关系有了一定的了解。 因此,大班幼儿面临同伴冲突的状态和解决方案的选择和小班的儿童会有很大程度上的不同。 在这一时期的幼儿,他拥有的同伴冲突地解决习惯将直接影响其社会性发展的程度,对他身心的发展和性格的塑造会产生深远的影响。笔者发现许多幼儿不能够积极地解决与同伴之间发生的冲突,不能合理地处理与同伴之间的矛盾。另外,如果发生冲突,教师的干预是选择包办解决或者责令制止,不论是教
师还是家长,此类干预极其不利于幼儿同伴关系以及社会性的良好发展。 因此,本研究以大班幼儿同伴冲突问题为出发点进行分析、分类、归纳总结。探讨大班儿童同伴冲突发生的原因,论述了同伴冲突对幼儿身心发展的积极影响并提出了相关的具有教育性的建议。
关键词:大班幼儿;同伴冲突;起因;解决策略
SUMMARY
Social adaptation and interpersonal communication are essential components of children's growth stage, the primary content of children's learning, and the only way for children's social development. The early childhood stage of large class is the key period for the formation of children's good social development. Therefore, it is an effective way to develop children's good sociality to guide children to choose positive and effective peer conflict resolution strategies. And then establish a good peer relationship to promote the formation of children's good character and excellent quality.
Many scholars at home and abroad have studied and analyzed the physiological and psych
ological development of children in the large class stage, and found that in the large class stage, because of the increase of their age, children's interpersonal relationship  have a certain understanding of the relationship between contacts. Therefore, large-class children will face peer conflict status and the choice of solutions and small-class children will be very different. In this period of young children, he has a peer conflict to solve habits will directly affect the degree of their social development, on his physical and mental development and character shaping will have a profound impact. The author found that many young children can not actively solve the conflicts with their peers, and can not reasonably deal with the contradictions with their peers. In addition, if there is a conflict, the teacher's intervention is to choose to arrange to solve or order to stop, whether teachers or parents, this  Class-type intervention is extremely unfavorable to the good development of children's peer relationship and sociality. Therefore, this study takes the peer conflict problem of large class children as the starting point to analyze, classify and summarize. This paper discusses the causes of peer conflict in large-class children, discusses the positive effects of peer conflict on children's physical and mental development, and puts forward relevant educational suggestions.buchi
Key words: Large class children Peer conflict Cause Solutio
第1章 绪论
1.1 问题的提出
1.1.1 幼儿社会性发展的关键期
社会适应和人际交往是幼儿成长道路的必要部分,是幼儿成长之路的正确方向。我国《3-6岁儿童学习和发展指南》的文件指出:幼儿社会性的发展对幼儿整个成长过程极其重要。幼儿园教育指导纲要说明:“乐于交往,礼貌、大方、友善待人”。从这个角度看,良好的人际交往是幼儿社会性发展的必要条件。在幼儿成长阶段的同伴相处中,同伴之间的冲突是不能预测、不可避免的。也可以说,这是一种不可缺少的经验和体会,是幼儿的一种现象经常发生在各种社会活动中。因此,这是家长和教师必须注意的一个方面。
1.1.2 幼儿同伴冲突积极解决的现状堪忧
根据调查,现今社会,大多数家庭放弃了生育二胎。因此,我们总能看到在许多孩子中属于
唯一的孩子是一个“自我独立”的标签。是当今大多数幼儿在生活中经常出现的现象:不礼让、不谦让的语言和行为。他会认为所有的东西都是他的。而往往伴随着身心娇小,甚至性格孤僻,心理早熟等;其次,由于儿童特有的自我中心的特点,才会让幼儿之间的同伴冲突现象普遍增多。有的家长和老师会用不适合幼儿年龄特征的解决方式直接去解决干预幼儿之间发生的同伴冲突,就是在这些他们认为正常不过的冲突解决的过程中,一次一次地剥夺了幼儿独立解决冲突的成长机会。
1.2 核心概念的确定
1.2.1 冲突的概念
冲突是指某种猜疑而引起的抵触、争执或争斗的对立状态。
1.2.2 幼儿同伴冲突的概念
幼儿同伴冲突是指幼儿与同伴之间因观点不同、言语不合、目标不一致、目的不同而引起的纠纷或言语纠纷的场景休息和需要。如果一个事件被判断为同伴冲突,它是指两个幼儿在交往过程中,一个幼儿有自己的意见,而另一个幼儿则持反对的态度或做出反对的表达行为,
这种现象就是幼儿同伴冲突。幼儿同伴冲突的一般表现形式为:言语冲突和肢体动作冲突。当幼儿之间发生同伴冲突的时候,有些幼儿会选择自己解决问题,一般表现出攻击性,逃避回避、合作的方式。其他人会选择向老师或者父母寻求帮助。幼儿同伴冲突集中表现于幼儿在交往过程中相互对立的过程和自己的观点,两个人同时有各自的想法,并坚持不放弃自己的观点与原则。