高中英语笔记
a great/good many==a large number of许多。修饰可数名词复数。
I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙,我有很多事要做。
若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时,应加of .
①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。
②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。
able(可以的,有能力的,可能的)
①He is an able man.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。
disable:有残疾的,不能干的;the disabled表示一类人(残疾人)
able作词缀时
①可以……的,值得……的(有被动含义)
eatable可食用的,measurable可以测量、估计的;readable可读的
②其他含义:conformable舒适的、安逸的;suitable 合适的,恰当的
above,over,on
三个词都可以表示“在……上“,但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触;over表示在某物体垂直的上方,含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意,与under 相对;above表示位置高于,但不一定垂直,与below相对。注意:与数字、数量、长度词连用时,多用over,同more than。如:over10,000people一万多人;表示年龄、刻度多用above,如a man above fifty五十开外的人;above zero零度以上。
习惯用语:well above average远在一般以上;above sea-level海拔以上;the one above上面的一个;above all首先,尤其重要的是;over there 那边; all over 遍及;over again 再一遍;over and over再三地
accident/event/ incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故,特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说,显得不很重要,指“小事件”,它还可以用来表示“事变”,如叛乱、爆炸等。如:
The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.广播员正在播报时事新闻。
He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中,他严重受伤。
There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事,有个人和售票员打了起来。
Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你听说过“西安事变”吗?
admit vt.①接纳,许可……进入(allow sb./ enter)
He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.
②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。
I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.
advice建议;劝告。是不可数名词,“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。
give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提(关于……的)建议;忠告某人。
ask(sb.)for advice征
求(某人的)意见。
①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a foreign language.关于如何学好外语,马克思给我们提了些好建议。
②If you take /follow my advice,you’ll pass the exam.如果你听从我的建议,你会考试及格的。
③Let’s ask our teacher for some advice.咱们征求一下老师的意见吧。
admire(= respect / praise)vt.羡慕,钦佩,夸奖
admire sb.(for sth.)佩服某人某事
Visitors to Beijing greatly admire our Palace Museum.
去北京的游人极其羡慕我们的故宫。
I admire him for his wisdom.我佩服他的智慧。
别忘了夸奖孩子。
对比:envy(= jealous)vt.嫉妨,羡慕
envy sb.(sth.)嫉妒/羡慕某人某事
We all envy you your good future.
我们都很羡慕你的好运。
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事(suggest不这样用)。
①I advise you to take the chance.我建议你抓住机会。
②—What do you advise me to do?你建议我怎么办?
—
I advise you not to lose heart; just keep on.我劝你不要灰心,继续干。
advise 还可同suggest一样,后接名词、代词、动名词(短语)和that从句(用虚拟语气)作宾语。
①—What would you advise?你有什么建议吗?
—I advise you an early start我建议你早点出发。
②I advise holding a metting to discuss the problem.我建议召开一次会议来讨论这个问题。
③I advise you (should) go to once.我建议你马上去。
advise ,persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”,强调劝说成功,说服;advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”,不涉及劝说是否有效,相当于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如:
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.医生说服我爸爸戒了烟。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
医生劝我爸爸戒烟,但没成功。
advise; suggest
advise 与suggest 都可作“建议”讲,二者用法有同有异。
(1)相同点
表示建议做某事,advise与suggest都可采用下列三种句型:
① + 名词
② + 动名词
③ + that从句(从句中常用should加动词原形,should可以省略。)
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注:只要是用从句表示建议该做的事,从句中就可用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。)上面的第三句可转化为:
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同点
①advise后可以跟人称代词作宾语,而suggest后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说:
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)
前三种结构中不可将advise改为suggest,如:
他建议我们去参观博物
馆。
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest还有“暗示、表明、说、指出(一个事实)”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气。如:
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陈述了一个事实,故用陈述语气。)比较:
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建议该做某事,从句中用should加动词原形,should在从句中省略。)
高中英语介词用法记忆口诀
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、*、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能,against*着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了last but one。
复不定for、、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
早、午、晚要用in
例:in the
morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
(从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形wi
th无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)suggest的名词
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<;智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed.我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态:
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in,如:
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
方面:
例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in
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