一． 基本句型
英语句子虽然千变万化，但就其基本结构来说是有限的。基本句型（basic sentence pattern）描写的是句子的基本结构模式，它主要有五种基本句型。
1. S + V (主语+谓语) + (adv.)
Birds fly.
She went on holiday.
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
此句型中v是vi, 因此，可称为vi句型，句中常带有状语修饰vi。
2. S + V + C （主语+系动词+表语）
Mr. West is a nice person.
The room looks dirty.
They felt tired after a day’s work.
这是个连系动词句型，link-verb后接的是表语（补语）。
3. S + V + O (主语+谓语+宾语)
Everyone likes a person with good manners.
Children always hate to go to bed early.
Bill is learning how to swim.
I like swimming.
此句型用的是Vt (vt后可接单宾语，双宾语和复合结构（宾语+宾语补足语），因本句型中的vt只接一个宾语，所以可称为单宾语句型。
4. S + V + Oi +Od (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
I wish you a good journey.
Mother bought me a jacket.
They told children an interesting story.
此句型中的Vt 带有两个宾语，可称为双宾语句型，间接宾语（indirect object）表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。
5. S + V + O + C (主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
The sun keeps us warm.
We chose/ made her our monitor.
The teacher advised us to study hard.
We saw the jet plane land successfully.
此句型用的也是Vt， 后接一个复合宾语（宾语+宾补），可称为复合宾语句型。
上述五种基本句型还有两类变式， 一类是否定式和疑问式（即否定句和疑问句），另一类是扩大、组合、省略和倒装等变式。
We didn’t see any plane in the sky.
How does the room look?
They didn’t feel tired until they completed the task.
He didn’t tell me and I didn’t ask him, either.
Wood gives much smoke while (it is) burning.
So clever were the answers.回答如此聪明。
二． 英语动词句型
从基本句型中不难发现，动词对基本结构/句型有决定性的影响作用，如study既是Vi，又是单宾语Vt，所以应用SV或SVO句型，speak一般是Vi，应用SV句型，tell, say虽都是Vt，但t
ell后接OO/ OC, 可用SVOO/ SVOC句型，有时同一个动词，按词的意义和用法要用不同的句型。如：
They got up at 6 sharp.
It’s getting dark.
I got a letter from my uncle.
Get me a ticket, please.
We must get everything ready before the meeting.
动词不仅可以决定句子的基本结构，而且还可以进一步决定什么词类可以担任其宾语、补语等成分，由动词的这一特点来决定句子的结构称为动词句型。如：
Vt stop后可用n / pron. /动名词作宾语。
Stop the thief! 抓贼！
He stopped reading to rise to meet me. 他停止阅读，站起身来迎接我。
三． SV结构常用动词句型
S + Vi + adv./ prep-phrase/ infinitive-phrase/ participle-phrase.
SV 句型中常带有状语，除单个副词外，一般还可用介词词组、不定式（短语），分词（短语）担任。
1. S + Vi + prep-phrase
She went on holiday.
Mr. Smith leaves for home late in the afternoon.
I failed in the examination.
注：a> 表示距离和一段时间for介词词组作状语时， for可以省略。
We walked (for) five miles.
They waited (for) two hours.
Won’t you stay (for) the night?（你不在这里过夜吗？）
b> 有些Vi后用表示程度、距离、价格、重量的名词词组作状语。如：
They had come a long way.
The rain lasted all day.
The book costs ten yuan.
The baby weighs nine pounds.
The temperature falls several degrees.
2. S + Vi + infinitive-phrase
The general was coming to inspect his men.
We stopped to have a rest.
The people of the whole country rose to fight against the invaders(侵略者)。
3. S + Vi + participle-phrase
Bruce lay thinking.
I’ll go swimming this afternoon.
The children came running with flowers in their hands.
四． SVC 结构常用的动词句型 （主语+系动词+表语）
SV(link-verb)+ n/ pron / adj./ adv./ prep-phrase.
常用的系动词（link-verb）有：be, appear, feel, go, look, prove, run, seem, sound, stand, taste// remain, continue, keep, stay// become, come, fall, get, grow, turn等等。
根据link-verb所表示的意义，大致可分为三类：
1 表示主语的性质或处于某种状态，以be为代表；
2 表示继续具备某种性质或保持某种状态，以remain 为代表；
3 表示取得某种性质或进入某种状态， 以become 为代表。
1. S + link-verb + N / Pron
His father is a doctor.
suggest的名词 This remains a serious problem.
The book is mine.
2. S + link-verb + adj.
The leaves have turned yellow.
Silk feels soft and smooth.
He went mad.
Your dreams may come true.
3. S + link-verb + adv.
Class is over.
My parents are in / out.
All the offices are upstairs.
注：其它常用的副词还有：off, abroad, on, here, there, apart等。（地点、方位、状态）
4. S + link-verb + prep-phrase.
The old man is still in good health.
Are these boats for hire?
Everything is in good order.
The suggestion is of great importance.
The village is on the edge of the forest.
五． SVO结构常用的动词句型
S + Vt + N/ Pron/ infinitive/ wh-infinitive/ Gerund/ that clause/ wh-clause.
1. S + Vt + N/ Pron
He dug a deep hole.
No one can answer the question.
She smiled her thanks.
The climate here doesn’t suit me.
She saw herself in the mirror.
2. S + Vt + infinitive.
He refused to help us.
My brother began to learn English at the age of 12.
I didn’t expect to meet you here.
I forgot to close the windows when I left the room.
可用于此句型的常用动词有：attempt, begin, cease, continue, dare, decide, desire, expect, fear, forget, hate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, mean(=intend), need, offer, prefer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, start, swear, try, undertake, want, wish等。
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