动名词 + 题型组合练
第15讲
知识梳理 
一、动名词的形式
动名词的形式：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
          语  态
形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式：not + 动名词
二、动名词的用法
动名词句法功能：动名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
1. 动名词作主语
动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把动名词置于句首。如：
  Learning new words is very useful to me。
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常用于下列句式中：
It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish +doing：
It is fun doing shopping in small markets.
suggest的名词
注意：important, necessary, essential, impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。
注意2：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数；
        2）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致原则，主语和表语在形式上要
        求统一： Seeing is believing.    To see is to believe.
2. 动名词作宾语
句型一：动词+动名词充当宾语
在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语
例如：admit; advise; risk finish, stop, can't help, consider, advise, practice, miss, imagine…
Nowadays, many people are considering going abroad for further study.
★ 必背动词
admit 承认
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
forbid 禁止
consider考虑
delay 耽误
deny 否认
detest 讨厌
endure 忍受
enjoy 喜欢
escape 逃脱
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推迟
practice 训练
recall 回忆
propose 建议
resume 继续
resist 抵抗
risk 冒险
suggest 建议
keep 继续
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 宽恕
recommend推荐
advise建议
involve涉及
mention提及
resist 抵制
permit 默许
allow 允许
★必背：带介词to的短语跟动名词:
be used to 习惯;  be equal to 胜任 ;  be given to 沉溺于;  be opposed to 反对;  be related to与……有关;  devote oneself to 献身于;  get down to 着手做; give rise to 引起;  lead to 导致;  look forward to 盼望;  object to 反对;  pay attention to 注意;  put one's mind to 全神贯注于;  stick to 坚持  be reduced to 沦落为
句型二：sb+think/consider/find/feel like/+it（形式宾语）+useless/no use/no good(宾补)+doing.
例：I found it useless arguing about it.
Do you consider it worth buying a house in the country?
句型三：主动形式表被动意义：
need, want, require, deserve, worth 等词后面，通常接动名词的主动形式来表达被动意义：
如：1) The grass needs cutting =The grass needs to be cut;
    2) Many nurses were worth praising because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami
    3) Many nurses deserved praising(to be praised) because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami
注：need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done
句型四：作介词的宾语，放在类似于be afraid of, be/get used/accustomed to, think of, be fond of, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble/difficulties in , insist on , persist in, put off 等的词组后作宾语。
注意：介词+动名词一起充当主句状语时，动名词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。
1）We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
2）Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?
3）He came to the party without being invited (with+动名词构成伴随状语).
4）The driver was fined for having drunk while driving (for+动名词构成加原因状语).
句型五：There is + no good/no use/no point+(in) doing，“做某事没有好处、用处、意义”
There is no good (in) doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.
注意：(1) 在There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：
There is no telling what will happen.
There is no joking about such matters.
(2)动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty (in) doing, have no trouble (in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等。
句型六：作形容词的宾语，通常用在be worth doing, be busy doing的句型中：
The music is well worth listening to more than once.
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.
3. 动名词作表语
例：My favourite sport is swimming。
注：job, work, hobby做主语时，表语用动名词。例：My job is teaching。
  动名词做表语时要注意与进行时态区分，例：
She was washing clothes。
Her job was washing clothes。
4.动名词作定语
动名做定语置于名词前，说明所修饰词的性质以及用途，具有名词性质。
例：
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
5. 作同位语
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
三、不定式和动名词的区别
A.从含义上，不定式：具体某一次的动作； 动名词：抽象的一般行为、习惯
例如：I love swimming, but I don't love to swim in this dirty river.
注意：平衡原则：当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。
To live is to struggle.
Seeing is believing.
B. 作主语时：动名词：表抽象和经验
不定式：表具体动作
Smoking is prohibited here.  (抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体) 
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。 (经验)
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.　（具体）　
C. 接不定式和动名词作宾语含义不同的词组