动名词：三项非谓语形式之一（其他两项是分词和不定式）不作谓语。
2它具有名词的作用,即在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、定语
II.形式： 动词+ing (一般式) / being done（被动式）
/ having done （完成式）
复合结构：one’s doing (即它的逻辑主语通常是所有格形式，口语中做宾语时可用宾格，介词宾语时通常用名词 eg. I don’t mind his /the boy’s /him coming late
否定形式： not doing / one’s not doing
III.作用：主语、表语、宾语、定语
1.做主语：动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数
eg. Doing morning exercises is good for health.
可用it做形式主语，把动名词置后
eg. It’s a waste of time regretting.
常用句型： It’s no use / no good doing sth
同不定式区别：动名词表习惯性、经常性的动作；
不定式表具体动作
eg. Swimming is good.
To swim this afternoon is good.
2.做表语：可以和主语颠倒位置的是动名词，否则是分词。
Eg. My favorite sport is swimming. (动名词)
His job is disappointing. (分词)
3.做定语：表示所修饰的名词的作用。分词做表语则表示名词的性质，可换成定语从句。
Eg. the sleeping car----the car for sleeping.
the walking stick (动名词)
the sleeping boy---the boy who is sleeping
the burning stick (分词)
4.做宾语: 1) 介词宾语。
即介词后一定带动名词做宾语，而不能带不定式。
Eg.How about/What about doing sth
insist on(坚持要); be good at ; be fond of (喜欢);
set about(着手)
注意：下列短语中的to为介词：
look forward to； pay attention to, stick to（坚持）, be/get used to, object to(反对), devote…to… , get down to（开始，着手）
常用特殊句型：
be busy doing; be worth doing; it’s no use/good doing;
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing;
have a hard time (in) doing
2) 动词宾语：
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语常见的有：
consider(考虑), finish, enjoy, mind, practise, dislike, keep, imagine, advise, suggest, permit, forbid, allow, avoid, risk(冒险), escape(幸免)，excuse, appreciate(感激), delay; feel like, give up, can’t help(禁不住), keep on, put off, can’t stand,
既可跟动名词也可跟不定式做宾语,且意义没有区别的动词有：suggest的名词
1) like, hate, love, continue, prefer, intend（打算）
NOTE: 这组词接动名词时表示一种习惯或倾向；
接不定式时表示一次特定的或具体的行动；
Eg.He likes playing basketball,but he doesn’t like to do it today.
2) begin, start
NOTE: 这组词通常情况下接动名词和不定式没啥区别，但下列
情况下通常只接不定式：
a. 主语是物时：The wind began to blow hard.
b. begin或start 本身用于进行时态时：He is starting to cry.
c. 后面的动词是指心理状态或精神活动等动词（如：think,
realize, wonder, understand）时
eg. He began to realize that he made a mistake.
既可跟动名词也可跟不定式做宾语, 但意义有区别的动词有：
remember to do (记着去做）/ remember doing(记着做过）
forget to do （忘记去做） / forget doing （忘记做过）
try to do (设法做) / try doing (试着做)；
regret to do (遗憾地。。) / regret doing (后悔)
mean to do (打算做) / mean doing(意味着做);
go on to do 继续做另一件事 / go on doing继续做同一件事
（stop to do 停下来去做某事 /stop doing停止做某事）
既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式做宾语，且意义没有区别,
但形式不一样的动词有：
need / want / require doing / to be done (需要被做)
eg. The room needs/wants/requires cleaning/to be cleaned.
随堂练习
1. Please excuse me ______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened C. for opening D. in opening
2. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting B. to post C. to be posting D. have posted
3. They must be at home — there’s a light ______ in the bedroom.
A. to shine B. to be shining C. shining D. having shined
4. If the car won’t start, ______ it.
A. try push B. try pushing C. to try pushing D. to try to push
5.Mr Smith dislikes _____ such clothes but his wife likes _____ them.
A. to wear, to wear B. to wear, wearing
C. wearing, to wear D. wearing, wear
6. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk B. Walking C. The walk D. To walk
7. When you’re learning to drive, _____ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have B. having C. and have D. and having
8. ____ this report _____ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.
A. Getting, done B. Get, done C. To get, to do D.Getting, to do
9. I regret _______what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.
A. to say B. saying C. to be saying D. said
10. I shall never forget _______ the Alps for the first time. It was really beautiful.
A. to see B. seeing C. saw D. being seeing
11. In the whole interview, he tried to avoid _______ their questions.
A. to answer B. answering
C. to have answered D. having answered
12. He was lucky and narrowly missed _______.
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