【命题趋势】
词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻相对应的词。只要到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！
【重要考向】
一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；
二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；
考向一
识别词义猜测题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】
了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式
(1) 代词类猜词题
The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.
The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.
(2) 其他类猜测题
What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?
What does the underlined word X mean?
What can we learn from the underlined sentence?
The underlined word X probably means _______.
考向二
词义猜测题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【词义猜测题提分秘籍】
1. 代词类猜词题做题方法
第一步：优先看划线句
第二步：前指向性
第三步：代词单复数线索
2. 其他类猜词题做题方法
根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等
词根词缀
常见前缀：
表否定 | dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等 |
表其他的 | anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等 |
前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性
常见后缀：
表名词 | -(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人)， -ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等 |
表动词 | -(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为) |
表副词 | 有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向) |
表形容词 | 备战高考-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)， -ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气) |
后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性
(3) 因果法 —— 根据因果关系
常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that
(4) 并列法 —— 根据并列顺承关系
常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while
(5) 转折法 ——根据转折关系
常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than
【2022年全国乙卷C篇】
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在
maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
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