不言而喻，非谓语在英语语法中有举足轻重的作用。非谓语有很多形式，如：doing, done, to do, having done, being done, to be doing, to be done, to have done 等。它们在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语等；做状语时可以表示伴随、原因、目的、结果、条件、时间、让步等功能。一篇好的书面表达，过多的简单句会使得句与句之间的关系松散和单调；过多的复杂句也会使整篇文章显得累赘不堪。所以考生要学会使用非谓语动词，不仅会使句子形式多样，也会使得文章读起来结构紧凑，言简意赅。特别注意的是，非谓语是文章概写和故事续写一个很重要的写作技巧，一定要多加练习。
一． 运用非谓语动词转换简单句
利用非谓语可以使用以下方法把有关联的简单句变得高级和地道。
1.写出两个相关联的简单句；
2.准两个简单句的对接点，把其中一个句子变为主干即主句，另外一个句子用非谓语动词进行 改写，确定好其在整个主句中的成分是主语还是其它成分；
3.在非谓语的选择上，还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。 例：①. I long to improve21年高考作文 myself by reading some books.
②. The books were written in the Tang Dynasty.
写出两个简单句后，可以确定第一句为主句，第二句为非谓语。由于第二句的 write 和主语 the books 是被动关系，所以用过去分词 done 做定语。
I long to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty. (2017 全国一卷书面表达)
尝试把以下几个句子转变成非谓语。
①. Every one you will be welcome to take part in it. You can enjoy the movie, have a heated discussion afterwards and give your comments.
Every one of you will be welcome to take part in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your comments.(2018 全国二卷书面表达)
② . Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province. It has long been a popular tourist spot. Many Chinese
legendary stories are attached to it.
Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist spot, with many Chinese
legendary stories attached to it. (2017 北京高考书面表达)
③ . In the newspaper of our school there is a column and it is called “Foreign Culture”. It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.
In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”, aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. (2015 全国一卷书面表达)
二． 运用非谓语动词转换复合句
在复合句当中，我们只需要出主句，把剩下的从句变成非谓语即可。这时，我们也需要判断 非谓语做什么成分，并把握好非谓语动词的时态和语态。
例 ：Since you have realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
把 since 引导的原因状语从句转换成非谓语动词，realize 和 you 之间为主动关系，且表示完成时，所以用现在分词的完成时做状语。即：
Having realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation. (2014 安徽高考书面表达)
尝试把以下几个复合句转变成非谓语。
①. After I heard your lecture, I was clear how western music influenced the UK and how it would develop in the future.
Having heard your lecture, I was clear how western music influenced the UK and how it would develop in the future.(2019 天津高考书面表达)
②. Although she was tired and exhausted, she managed to make a flag with yellow blouse.
Tired and exhausted, she managed to make a flag with her yellow blouse. (2016 浙江高考书面表达)
③. Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. (2015 湖南高考书面表达)
考生在书面表达中运用非谓语的时候需要注意非谓语动词形式和语态的选择；另外也需要注
意非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般要和主句的主语需要保持一致。 三． 非谓语动词常用的写作句型
1.remain to be done…
Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.
2.what/how/where/why 等疑问词+ to do
We debated over what to put into the video. (2017 北京高考书面表达)
Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figures. (2015
北京高考书面表达)
3.连词 when/while/once/unless/although…+ doing/done
While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun. (2019 北京高考书面表达)
4.be easy/difficult/challenging…to do…
In some experts’ opinion, living conditions on Mars are difficult to tolerate.
5.prefer to do…rather than do…/would rather do…than do…/ would do…rather than do….
Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.
6.having done…
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
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