2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案解析（完整版）
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.It1in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then2starts to slowly decline as we age.But3aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle1oss and the4of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence.This suggests the5that lifestyle factors might help prevent or6this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that7measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than4,000middle-to-older-aged men and women and8that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period.They found that middle-aged people9
higher measures of abdominal fat10worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years11.
For women,the association may be12to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be13.It is hoped that future studies could14these differences and perhaps lead to different15for men and women.
16there are steps you can17to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental18.The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your19of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style20that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.
1.[A]pauses[B]return[C]peaks[D]fades
2.[A]alternatively[B]formally[C]accidentally[D]generally
3.[A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until
4.[A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation
5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement
6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize
7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted
8.[A]devoted[B]compared[C]converted[D]applied
9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against
10.[A]lived[B]managed[C]scored[D]played
11.[A]ran out[B]set off[C]drew in[D]went by
12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel[D]resistant
13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled
14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain
15.[A]compensations[B]symptoms[C]demands[D]treatments
16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead
17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]take
18.[A]well-being[B]process[C]formation[D]coordination
19.[A]level[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space
20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescription
1.【答案】C peaks
力（fluid intelligence），是一种智力类型，它与短期记忆和快速、逻辑和抽象地思考以解决新问题的能
力有关。想要解决空格处需要分析整句话的逻辑关系。前文提到青年人，后文提到这种流体智力智力随着年龄增长会慢慢下降，所以根据时间发展的关系，前面提到这种智力在青年时达到峰值（peaks），并且会停留一段时间，随后随着年龄的增长会逐渐下降。正确答案为peaks。pauses暂停；return恢复，返回；fades逐渐消退。
2.【答案】D generally
【解析】此处考察词汇辨析。根据上一道题目的具体分析，不难得出空格处应该是对这种普遍现象得修饰，weage体现我们大所数人，所以应该选择D generally。alternatively要不然，或者（二者择其一）；formally正式地，正规地；accidentally偶然地。
3.【答案】A while
【解析】此处考察句内逻辑关系。空格处所在句子是以转折词But开始，但考察句内之间
的意思转折：但是，3年纪增长不可避免，科学家发现某些大脑功能不会发生变化。年纪
增长和科学家的发现是对立的观点，所以应该选择while，尽管。since因为；当.......时；once 一旦；until直到。
4.【答案】C consumption
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。并列连词and将空格处与前文muscle loss并列，行车前后近义词的关系，那么空格处要选择一个与肌肉消失表达意思相近的词。所给选项中只有C选项consumption意思是消耗的意思，带入原文符合句意。detection侦查，勘察；accumulation积累，积攒，增加；separation分开，分离。
5.【答案】A possibility
【解析】此处考察词义辨析。suggest一词是解题的关键，这个单词用在考研英语的文章中大部分都是暗示的意思，that引导的同位语从句中句子的谓语动词前还有情态动词may表推测，这都是在说明一种不太确定的可能性，所以选择possibility。decision决定；goal目标；requirement 要求。
6.【答案】A delay
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。并列连词or将空格处和前文prevent构成近义词的关系，delay延迟和prevent阻止是相近句意表达。ensure确保；seek寻求，请求；utilize利用，使用；
7.【答案】C included
【解析】此处考察词义辨析。根据题干和选项特点不难看出句中that引导的是一个定语从句，从句列举了data的具体分类和实验人，所以定语从句是在具体说明data的内容，要选择included 包含，包括。modified改变；supported支持；predicted预测。
8.【答案】B compared
【解析】此处考察动词短语词义搭配和辨析+上下文语境。空格处表devote to把.......专用于，完全用于；compare A to B将A和B进行比较；convert A to B将A转变成B；apply A to B 将A应用于B。空格处所在句意为将那些数据和已知报道进行。后文和下文都是在进行不同情况的比较来得出答案，所以应该选择compare。
9.【答案】A with
【解析】此处考察介词的用法。这个介词里只有with能体现的是某种状态：有着较高腹部脂肪检测结果的中年人.......
10.【答案】C scored
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。空格处所在句子表达：有着较高腹部脂肪单位的中年人在流体智力检测时得分不高，测量智力是会得出具体分数的，就像我们平时说的智力测试。lived生存，活着；managed完成；scored得分；played表现。
【解析】此处考察非谓语动词词义辨析。分析了上一题，这一道题也迎刃而解，空格处所在句子是在表达对于男性而言，免疫系统没有对其产生影响，did not appear to be involved，似乎不涉及在内。
11.【答案】D went by
【解析】此处考察动词短语辨析。...as the years went by.随着时间的流逝，也算是固定的搭配。ran out耗尽，放弃；set off出发，动身，启程；drew in吸引，拉入。
12.【答案】B attributable
【解析】此处考察形容词辨析+上下文逻辑关系。空格处所在句子用分号隔开，分号代表前后两句话讨论得是一个问题，有可能相同也有可能相反。分号前说免疫系统对于女性来说的作用，后
文是用男性来进行比较，说免疫系统对于男性的变化没什么作用。前后是相反的观点，所以免疫系统对女性是有影响的。attributable to归因于;superior
考研时间2021考试时间to优于，胜于；parallel to平行于，与......平等；resistance to抵抗。
13.【答案】C involved
【解析】此处考察非谓语动词词义辨析。分析了上一题，这一道题也迎刃而解，空格处所在句子是在表达对于男性而言，免疫系统没有对其产生影响，did not appear to be involved，似乎不涉及在内。
14.【答案】D explain
【解析】此处考察动词辨析+句意理解。It is 体现出是寄希望于以后的实验研究来得出结论。alter改变，变更，更改；spread开展，传播；remove移除，清除。
15.【答案】D treatment
【解析】此处考察词义辨析。空格处所在句子表明：希望今后的研究能够解释这些差异，并可能导致对男人和女人的不同待遇。因为有差别才应该采取不同的对待方式。compensations补偿；symptoms症状；demands要求，需求；treatments处理，对待。
16.【答案】B Meanwhile
【解析】此处考察段落之间的逻辑关系。there are steps体现出有一些措施可供参考，可见空格处所在段落体现本段与上一段之间的递进的关系。meanwhile同时；Likewise同样地，也；Therefore 因此；Instead代替，而不是。
17.【答案】D take
【解析】此处考察定语从句+短语搭配。there are steps you can17to help reduce u can的前面省略了定语从句关系词that，从句修饰steps，take steps to do短语表示采取措施做某事。Change改变；watch注意，观察；count数数。
18.【答案】A well-being
【解析】此处考察固定短语搭配。physical and mental well-being身心健康。
19.【答案】A level
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句意理解。空格所在处意思是给大家推荐两种生活方式，一是保持或提高你的有氧运动水平。Love喜爱；knowledge知识；space空间。
20.【答案】C diet
【解析】此处考察单词辨析+定语从句。空格处后面that引导的从句是这道题的解题关键：that 引导定语从句，对前面的名词进行修饰，那么从句的内容就是先行词得以选出得重要线索。从句中主要讨论事物的问题，那么空格处应该填入diet饮食符合语法结构和句意表达。Design设计；routine行程，流程；prescription处方。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(40points)
Text1
How can Britain's train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?
It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get
to work or otherwise.This year's rise an average of2.7percent,maybe a faction lower than last year’s, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Ind-er(CPI)measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network.Should be borne by those who use it,rather than the general taxpayer. Why,the argument goes,should a car-driving pensioner from Lincoln-shire have to subscribe the daily commute of a stockbroker from survey?Equally,there is a sense that the
travails of commuters in the south East,many of whom will face among the biggest rises,have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relativity poor infrastructure of the Mid lands and the North.
However,over the past12months,those commuters have also experienced some of the worst rail strike
s in years.It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network,but passengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel.The responsibility for the test wave of strikes rests on the wines.However,there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered.
The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement, so that even when strikes occur services can continue to operate.This should from part of a wider package of measures to address the long-running problems on Britain’s railways.Yes,more investment is needed,but passengers will not be willing to pay more indefinitely if they must also endure cramped,unreliable services interrupted by regular chaos when time tables are changed,or planned maintenance is managed incompetently.They threat of nationalization may have been seen off for now,but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.
21.The author holds that this year's increase in rail passenger fares
[A]has kept pace with inflation.
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