英语从句大全
1)表语从句
1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句whatever什么意思
3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:
(1)从属连词that.如:
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2)从属连词whether,as,as if.如:
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:
All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.
如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
解释:
1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:
I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。
2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:
My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2)主语从句
1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句
3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显,她们确是亲妹,她们的脸型很相似。
(2)从属连词whether.如:
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.如:
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
解释:
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如:
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?
G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
3)宾语从句
1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句。
3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
3. That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2)从属连词if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why. 如:
Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
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