一、单元音（12个）
1. / i:/
1) 字母e在开音节中：be, he, we, these, metre, relay, recycle, eve
2) 字母i的特殊发音：police, machine
3) 字母组合ee ：sweep, between, agree, sleep, seen, feel, feed,
cheese, keeper, bee, see, tree, three
4) 字母组合ea：please, (New) Zealand, weak, leaf, wheat, bleat,
dream, disease, beach, least, tea, seat, read
5) 字母组ie ：field, believe, thief, piece
6) 字母组ei ：receive
7) 字母组ey： key
8) 字母组合e-e：Pete, mete, these, Chinese
2. / ɪ /
1) 字母a在弱读中：village, passage, palace, necklace, encourage
2) 字母e在弱读中： ticket, basket, behind, enjoy, business, subject,
refuse, repair, replay, forest, toilet, wallet, racket, pocket, result
3) 字母i在闭音节中：bring, did, ill, pick, fifty, English, ticket,
village, picnic, pumpkin, tourist, riddle, it, is, six, this
4) 字母i的特殊发音：practice, opposite, practice, cousin, rabbit 但
possible发音为/ ə /
5) 字母i在“ve”前：live, give
6) 字母u的特殊发音：busy, business
7) 字母组合ai 弱读：mountain, captain
8) 字母组合ie：cookie
9) 字母组合ay 弱读：Sunday, Monday
recycle是什么意思11) 字母y 弱读：sorry, baby, lucky, any, very, study, fifty
3. / e /
1) 字母a的特殊发音：many, any
2) 字母e在闭音节中“e”发短音：bell, left, leg, when, went, check,
invent, unless, collect
3) 字母组合ea ：bread, heavy, head, ready, death, already, instead,
feather, leather, weather
4. / æ /
1) 字母a在闭音节中：that, ladder, matter, man, rabbit, panda, bank,
channel, cat, cap, back
2) 字母a在“ve”前：have
5. /ɜ:/
1) 字母组合or 在字母“w”后：work, word, world, worse, worth,
worker
2) 字母组合er在重读音节中：her, German, term, thermos, prefer,
person, serve, nervous
3) 字母组合ir：girl, bird, third, circle, shirt, skirt
4) 字母组合ur：turn, nurse, disturb, surf, Thursday
5) 字母组合ear：heard, earth, early, year, learn, search
6. / ə /
1) 字母a在弱读：banana, England, elephant, animal, another,
madam, several, probably, human, island, machine, comfortable
2) 字母e在弱读中：broken, moment, even, accident, happen, quarrel
3) 字母o在弱读中：conductor, opposite, tonight, melon, police,
produce, collect, protect, pollute
4) 字母u弱读中：unless, suppose, success
6) 字母组合or在弱读中：forget
7) 字母组合er做后缀时：under, teacher, ruler, brother, sister, father,
mother, supper
8) 字母组合er在弱读中：concert, western, desert, shepherd
7. /ɑ:/
1) 字母a在字母“n”前：dance, can’t, shan’t, France, answer, chance,
banana
2) 字母a在字母“s”“ss”前： ask, past, basket, class, glass, last, grass,
basketball
3) 字母a在 “th”前：father, rather, path
4) 字母组合ar：hard, car, large, bookmark, mark, regard, barn, chart,
cart, hard, garden, park
5) 字母组合al特殊发音： half
6) 字母组合au特殊发音：laugh
7) 字母组合are：are
8) 字母组合ear：heart
8. / ʌ /
1) 字母o在“m, n, th”前：come, some, front, month, son, Monday,
monkey, money, another, brother, mother, nothing, other, none, wonder 但tomb / u:/
2) 字母o特殊发音：does, love, among, colour, discover
3) 字母u在闭音节中：must, sun, duck, uncle, puzzle, nut, dumpling,
conductor, fun, butter, club, cup, much
4) 字母组合ou / ʌ /：trouble, young, double, country, cousin, rough,
encourage, tough
5) 字母组合oo / ʌ / 特殊发：blood, flood
9. /ɔ:/
1) 字母组合ough /ɔ:/：bought, thought
2) 字母组合or 的一般发音：for, short, boring, storm, corn, corner,
order, important, nor, horse, forty, morning
3) 字母组合ar /ɔ:/ 在字母“w”或音标/w/后：war, quarter, towards
4) 字母组合 al /ɔ:/ 一般发音： wall, tall, ball, fall, hall
【注：字母组合al /ɔ:l/特殊发音 also, already, always, salt, so-called,
although】
5) 字母组合oor /ɔ:/：floor, door
6) 字母组合ore /ɔ:/：before, more, score
7) 字母组合our /ɔ:/：four, yours, course, fourth
8) 字母组合 au /ɔ:/：August, autumn, pause, audience, caught, taught
9) 字母组合 aw /ɔ:/：draw, law
10. / ɒ /
1) 字母a在“w”前“wh”后：what, wash, want, watch, wallet, 但：
water /ɔ:/
2) 字母o在闭音节中：John, doctor, office, soccer, rock, concert,
foggy, across, possible, cost, cotton, teapot, rocket, of, not, box, long
3) 字母组合au / ɒ / 特殊发音：because
11. / u:/
1) 字母o在“wh”后：who, whose, whom
2) 字母o的特殊发音：move, do, two, improve, lose
3) 字母u在“l”前后：blue, ruler, flu, rule
4) 字母u的特殊发音：June, truth, pollute, true
5) 字母组合ou：group, soup, through
6) 字母组合oo 的一般发音：afternoon, room, broom, zoo, moon,
pool, school, noodle, spoon, tool, tooth, cool, shoot, too
7) 字母组合oo的特殊发音：food, seafood
8) 字母组合ew的特殊发音：drew
12. / ʊ /
1) 字母u的特殊发音：put, push, sugar, full, pull
2) 字母组合oo，一般在字母“k, d, t”前：book, look, good, foot,
cook, wood
3) 字母组合oo / ʊ / 弱读中：classroom, bedroom, sitting-room,
cookie
二、双元音（8个）
1. /eɪ/
1) 字母a在开音节中“a”发字母本：name, page, date, lazy, café,
wave, cake, face, plate, paper, baby, table, radio
2) 字母组合ea /eɪ/：great, break
3) 字母组合 ai一般情况下：train, fail, mainland, rail, straight, rain,
maid, tail
4) 字母组合ei /eɪ/： eight, eighth
5) 字母组合ay /eɪ/ 在重读中：day, today, display, may, play, away
6) 字母组合ey /eɪ/：they
2. /aɪ/
1) 字母i在开音节中：quite, side, outside, invite, dive, twice, mine,
bike, like, nice, time, driver, Friday
2) 字母i在“nd”前：kind, behind, find, mind, blind, China, Chinese
3) 字母组合ie /aɪ/：die, lie
4) 字母组合ei /aɪ/ ：neither, either
5) 字母组合i(gh) /aɪ/：high, light, right, night, bright
6) 字母y在重读音节中：my, why, sky, by, fly
3. /ɔɪ/
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