在高中阶段非谓语动词既是同学们的学习重点，也是学习难点；同时又是历年高考中必考语法项目。而非谓语动词作状语又是考查的重中之重，故本文欲就其考点作以归纳，以期对同学们的复习起着抛砖引玉的作用。
一、考查非谓语动词作状语时的时态与语态
成长史1.不定式作状语时的时态与语态。如果表示未来的动作，就用不定式的一般式,若与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，就用to do；构成被动关系 就用to be done。如果与谓语动词所表示的动作（几乎）同时进行，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用不定式的进行式既to be doing（常作原因状语）。如果不定式的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用完成式，当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，用主动式，即to have done(常作原因状语)；构成被动关系，用被动式，即to have been done (常作原因状语)。
[高考链接]
①I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __ in a year. （05湖南）
A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed
②I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (08年北京)
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
③You were silly not ____ your car. (04湖南)感悟自然
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
【解析】①C。句意为“今天我先给你寄100美元，其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。”由in a year可知，follow动作是未来之动作，故用不定式。②C。形容词honored后常用不定式作状语，welcome与句子的主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用to be welcomed③B。形容词silly后也常用不定式作状语，又因were silly是lock动作造成的影响，所以不定式用完成时。
tonghua2. 分词作状语时的时态与语态。如果现在分词所表达的动作与谓语动词所表达的动作同时或几乎同时发生，用其一般式，当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，用主动式，即doing;构成被动关系，用被动式，即being done(较少用，being常省略)。分词的动作若先
于谓语动词的动作发生，当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，用主动式，即having done;构成被动关系，用被动式，即having been done或done，一般来讲，两者可以互换，但如果侧重于时间先后，常用having been done。若是不及物动词，一般用主动形式。需要注意：（1）已经形容词化的分词，如果译为“感到……”，常用过去分词, 分词的逻辑主语一般是人，表达句子主语“人”的情绪反应；如果译为“令人感到……”，常用现在分词，分词的逻辑主语一般是物，该形式更多的表达事物的性质特征。（2）另一类表示状态只能用过去分词的结构是及物动词的过去分词+介词。例如interested in ，pleased with ，satisfied with ，crowded with， surprised at ，devoted to，lost in ，tired of ，equipped with，filled with ，dressed in ,worried about,caught in,faced with,fed up with， used to ,accustumed to, seated (in/on)等。
[高考链接]
①The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains. （10江西）
A . keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
②____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北）
A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated
③ __ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. （09福建）
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
④ _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南）
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
【解析】①C。句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。②C。这里的时间状语for millions of years说明此时的现在分词要用完成态，同时separate与其逻辑主语Australia构成被动关系，故用Having been separated 。③B。非谓语动词做原因状语,remind与其逻辑主语the manager构成被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之
前已经发生，故用过去分词reminded。④A。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If he is dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor。根据主、从句主语一致可同时省略从句主语和be动词及连词的原则，，故用Dressed。
二、考查非谓语动词的否定形式
战将韩先楚否定词not或never应紧挨着放在不定式符号“to”或分词之前，若该非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，否定词应置于该主语之后。
[高考链接]
汽车尾气成分①______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (04广东)
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
【解析】①C。非谓语动词做状语，complete与其逻辑主语they构成主动关系，并且该动作发生在句子的谓语动词stay之前，故用现在分词的完成式，同时否定词not应紧挨着放在现在分词之前，故用not having completed。
三、考查现在分词的逻辑主语
一般来说，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是主句的主语。如果非谓语动词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，应在其前加上自己的逻辑主语，不定式要在其逻辑主语前加for。
[高考链接]
①In order to make our city green,______ . (02上海春招)
A. it in necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees
②The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent_______ at the end of last March. （07山东）
A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched
【解析】①D。不定式中make的逻辑主语应是后面主句的主语，只有we才可以。②B。根
据中间是逗号，逗号后的应是逻辑主语+非谓语动词，又因该非谓语动词的动作是已经完成的被动的动作，故非谓语动词用having been launched。
四、考查非谓语动词作状语时的句法功能
1.当非谓语动词作目的状语时，常用不定式的一般式，它的加强式为in order to或so as to。但so as to引导目的状语，不能置于句首。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号。
[高考链接]
①With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad. (10全国I)
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
②In order to improve English, ______. (01上海春招)
A. Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny's father
【解析】①B。句意为“父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。”空格后的部分不是对前面名词bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此用不定式做目的状语。②B。不定式中improve的逻辑主语应是后面主句的主语，improve English只能是Jenny。
2.作让步、时间、伴随（方式）或条件状语时，常用分词。表伴随（方式）或条件状语的现在分词常用一般式。
[高考链接]
①Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （10湖南）
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