动词的时态和语态
动词的时态：动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态，动作和状态的发生有一定的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中动词的时态。
      按时间
按方式
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
  一般
✧ work/works
✧ worked
✧ shall/will work
完成时态✧ should/would work
  进行
am/is/are working
✧
was/ were working
✧
shall/will be working
✧
  完成
have/has worked
✧
had worked
✧
✓ shall/will have worked
完成进行
have/has been doing
✧
✓ Had been working
   

英语中共有16中时态，新课程标准中要求掌握其中的10种（有标记的），另外，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常见，所以有总计12种时态。
【一般体】
一、一般现在时：  表示经常或反复发生的动作
                  表示现在的情况或状态
                  表示永恒的真理
                  用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时
1. 表示经常或反复发生的动作，这种用法中经常与often，usually，always，sometimes，every day等时间状语连用。
Eg：She usually gets up at 6:00.
    I play football after school every afternoon.
(2013陕西，11) On Monday morning it usually _______ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
A. takes      B. is taking        C. took          D. will take
杜甫春望
(2013 湖南，24) Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _______ us.
A. bothers      B. had bothered        C. would bother      D. bothered
（10辽宁30）
I _______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do        青瓜条B．do        C．am doing        D．had done
(2012北京朝阳一模，31) -----Have you seen my e-mail about our TEST project?
        ----- Yes. Luckily I checked my e-mail yesterday. Normally I _____ my e-mail box for days.
  A. haven’t      B. didn’t open      C. hadn’t        D. don’t open
2. 表示现在的情况或状态
Eg: I enjoy computer games.
She speaks Spanish.
(2011全国卷I) 23. Planning so far ahead _____ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year..
  A. made          B. is making    C. makes        D. has made
(2011重庆卷)31.Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He_______ to have been praised by the manager just now.
A. seemed      B. seems      C. had seemed    D. is seeming
（10重庆29）
The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building
_______now.
A. remains    B. is remained    C. is remaining     D. has been remained
3. 表示永恒的真理、科学事实及自然现象
Eg：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
    Metal expands when heated.
（2011济南一中阶段）The teacher told us that light _____ faster than sound.
  A. traveled      B. had traveled      C. is traveling      D. travels
【2012全国新课程】23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step      ”
A. has shown        B. is showing
C. shows            D. showed
痛风吃什么药最有效【答案】C【解析】此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”
4. 用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替一般将来时
  用在if，unless，as long as引导的条件状语从句中；when，before，until，as soon as，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中；no matter wh- 或wh-ever引导的让步状语从句中。
Eg：I’ll go with you as long as I finish my work.
Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
【2012辽宁卷】35.  Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I                on Friday.
  A. get paid      B.  got paid      C. have paid      D. had been paid
（10四川16）
——When shall we restart our business?无肉不欢授课方式
——Not until we      our plan．
  A．will finish      B．are finishing  C．are to finish    D．have finished
二、一般过去时： 1. 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用时间状语：then, yesterday, just now，an hour ago, in the past, in 2000, the day before yesterday, last week等；
                2. 表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作；
                3. 用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中代替过去将来时；
1. Ruby came to see me yesterday.
2. When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.
注意市场部年度工作总结：表示过去时间内经常或习惯性的动作时往往与used to, would连用。
其中：would do 动作具有反复性,，used to do往往不具有反复性；
      used to do 有“今非昔比”的意思，would do 没有此意。
  Eg: People used to believe that the earth was flat. (现在已不这样认为)
    He would as soon as he was free. (现在有可能还回去)
  3. He promised that if his son got a full mark in the next exam he would buy him a new MP4 player. （条件句中）