过去完成时
一、概念
----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前 那时(过去) 现在
二、构成
过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。例如：
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
他们来宾馆之前就已经吃过饭了。
He didn’t go to bed until he had finished he work.
他直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
三、用法
1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束护肤步骤视频，即发生在“过去的过去”。例如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
He had left when I arrived使徒行者2插曲. 当我到达时他已经离开。
2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。例如：
She told me that she had written a new novel.
她告诉我她已经写好一本小说了。(had written 发生在 told 之前 )
I found the watch which I had lost. 我到了我丢失的表。
3.过去完成时需与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already, yet, still, just, before, never 等时间副词及by, before, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。例：
Before she came to China, Amy had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
艾米来中国之前，在一所中学已经教了五年英语。
Tom had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was seven.
汤姆在七岁时已经集了300多张中国邮票。
4.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：
By the end of last year, my father had worked in the factory for twenty years.
去年年底时，爸爸已经在工厂工作二十年了。（had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
By six o’clock he had worked eleven hours. 到6点钟时他就已经工作了11小时。
特殊点小结
5.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。(本 打算, 本 想, 本 希望, 本 计划...)
例如： I had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 我本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
They had hoped to be able to come and see you. 他们本来希望能来看看你。
6.过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。例如：
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that she had been out of work that year.
这是她那一年第三次失业了。
(注: 现在完成时也可用于It is the first (second, etc) time (that)…句型中)
过去完成时的用法总结如下表：
过 去 完 成 时 | |
构成 | 助动词 had+动词的过去分词 |
基查摆问题自查报告 本工龄工资 用 法 | 1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示 |
2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用 | |
3）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前. (She said that she had been to Shanghai twice. ) | |
4）在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示 | |
和其它时态的区别 | 过去完成时/现在完成时 现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作 I have cleaned the classroom. 我打扫干净教室了。（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！） They have lived here for twenty years. 他们住在这二十年了。（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时） 过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的动作先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”. 如: Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China. 史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去！） We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term. 在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。（“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了！） 过去完成时/一般过去时 过去完成时强调某动作在过去某时间或另一动作之前已完成 一般过去时仅表示动作或状态在过去某时间发生过，不强调与另一动作的比较快乐男声冠军是谁 |
注 意 事 项 | 1）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。 |
2) 过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 | |
3) It/This 完成时态was +序数词 time+that+从句(用过去完成时)。 It was the second time I had been to a concert. 4) It/This was +形容词最高级+that+从句(用过去完成时)。 It was the most wonderful concert that I had ever been to. | |
4）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中 | |
过去完成时练习题
一、选择题
( )(1)The police found that the house _______and a lot of things_________.
A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolen
C. has been broken into, stolen D. had been broken into, stolen
( )(2)By the end of this century, we__ ours into a strong modern country.
A. will build B. had built C. have built D. will have built
( )(3)We _________the work by six yesterday evening.
A. finished B.would finish C. had finished D. had been finished
( )(4)I _________to help you but couldn’t get here in time.
A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting
( )(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___________.
A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours before
C. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before
( ) (6)When I reached home, my parents __________their supper.
A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had
( ) (7)It seems that the old man _________something important.
A.has lost B. had lost C. lost D. would lose
( ) (8)She __________in this school ________the past ten years.
A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, since
C.would teach, for D. has been teaching, for
( ) (9)Did you see Xiao Li at the party? No, ______by the time I arrived.
A.she’d left B.she's left C. She was left D.she must leave( )
( ) (10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I______.
A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected
( ) (11)We couldn’t catch up with the others because they _____too long before us.
A.started B.were starting C.have started D.had started
发布评论