必修五    Unit 2    PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之谜
I．Vocabulary
unite  vi. ＆vt。联合;团结
the United Kingdom联合王国（英）
consist  vi.组成；一致
consist of 由…组成
divide …into…把…分成
puzzle  n.难题；迷  vt.使迷惑
debate  vi。 & n。 争论；辩论
clarify  vt。澄清;阐明
break away （from)高中英语课文挣脱(束缚）;脱离
the Union Jack英国国旗
relation  n.关系；联系
educational  adj。教育的
legal  adj。法律的;合法的
convenience  n.便利;方便
roughly  adv。粗略地;粗糙地
Midlands  英格兰中部地区
Industrial  adj。工业的；产业的
historical  adj.历史上的；有关历史的
attraction  n。吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物
collection  n.收藏品;珍藏；收集
construct  vt。建造;构造；创立
influence  vt.影响；改变  n.
Viking  n。北欧海盗
leave out 省去;遗漏；不考虑
project  n。科研学习项目；课题；计划；工程
take the place of代替
break down  (机器）损坏；破坏
arrange  vt.筹备;安排；整理
wedding  n。婚礼
fold  vt.折叠；对折
sightseeing  n.观光;游览
available  adj.可利用的；有用的
delight  n。快乐；高兴;喜悦
royal  adj.王室的；皇家的
occasion  n.场合；时刻；时机
uniform  n.制服
splendid adj。壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
statue  n.塑像;雕像
longitude  n。经线；经度
navigation  n.导航;航行
communism  n.共产主义
original  adj。最初的；原始的；
thrill  vt.使激动;使胆战心惊
unfair  adj。不公平的；违反规划的
smart  adj。漂亮的;时髦的；聪明的
tense  n.时态
consistent  adj.一致的
error  n。错误；过失;谬误
pot  n。罐；壶
II。 Reading      PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之谜
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries： England, Wales， Scotland and Northern Ireland。人们也许会奇怪：为什么用不同的词汇来描述这四个国家：英国、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。【注释： wonder  v。tr.（及物动词）To feel curiosity or be in doubt about：感到好奇或怀疑：  eg.  He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones。他很奇怪为什么人们本可以造出漂亮的房屋,而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子来。  n.  It’s a wonder难得；奇怪的是eg。  It’s a wonder you recognized me。难得你还认得我。  (2)（It's) no wonder 难怪;并不奇怪;当然  eg。  No wonder he is not hungry； he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。  use sth。 to do …用…做…; eg.  You’d better use a stick to stir the paint. 你最好用棒来搅漆。】You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你研究英国历史，就能阐明这个问题.【注释：clarify：解释;澄清；阐明  eg。 The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women?政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。】
First there was England。首先有英格兰.Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.13世纪,威尔士加入进来。【注释：link  vt., vi.(常与together, to, with连用）连接  eg.  The two towns are linked by a railway。这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。 （2）挽着；（与on， to, in to连用)联合】 Now when people refer to England, you find Wales included as well.现在，当人们谈到英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也包括进来。【注释： refer to谈到； speak of, mention这三个词均表示“谈到；说起”，其主语均为“sb。"，而come to表示 “谈到"讲时，仅用于句型“when it comes to sb。/ sth。” “当一谈到…”  试题:
When it ___ music， Kate is always excited.   A.refers to  B。 speaks of  C。 mentions  D。 comes to   
as well也，倒不如, 还是...的好， 最好.。。还是（It will be as well to stop that young screamer. 但是最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声.）】 Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to ”Great Britain"。 接下来，在17世纪，英格兰和威尔士加入到苏格兰,名字改为 “大英帝国”。【注释:be joined ： To put or bring into close association or relationship：使结合，缔交：使…结合或联合形成密切联系或关系 eg.  they were joined by marriage;。他们结成夫妻;】Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well。高兴的是,当苏格兰国王詹姆斯成为英格兰和威尔士国王时,也是在没有发生冲突的情况下完成的。【注释：accomplish 完成  eg.  You should accomplish the task within the allotted time。你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。】 Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.最后，在20世纪初，英国政府想通过以和平方式将爱尔兰加入进来，形成联合王国。【注释： getting Ireland connected系为get sth. done结构,意为“让人…做某事”】 However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰南部地区
不愿意加入,脱离并成立了自己的政府.【注释：break away   （1)逃走；逃脱  eg.  1） The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup。抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。2) Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules。 （喻)现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。  (2）断裂；开裂 eg.  A large piece of ice broke away from the main block。一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。                  试题：
  The young man ____ the two policemen who were holding him。 
  A. got away with  B. broke away from    C. come up with    D. caught up with      】
So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack。所以只有北爱尔兰加入到英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰行列，从而成为联合王国，这在英国国旗上可以向世人表现出来。
To their credit， the four countries do work together in some areas (eg， the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.为了表示信任，这四个国家在一些领域团结协作,（如流通和国际关系），但他们依然有各自不同的机构。 For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup！例如,北爱尔兰，英格兰和苏格兰,除了有不同的足球队参加象世界杯之类的比赛之外，他们还有不同的教育体系和不同的法律体系.【注释:as well as （1）adv. 又,也. （2)conj.（连接词） eg.  And in addition:既…又：eg。 courageous as well as strong.既健康又勇敢  （3）prep.（介词）: In addition to:都，除。..之外（包含之后的内容）：eg.  The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime编辑和校对者都在加班工作  （4)和…一样好  eg。  He speaks English as well as Tom。              考题：
  1。  （94全—28)  John plays football ____ , if not better than， David.
    A。 as well    B. as well as    C。 as well    D. such well
    2。  （93全—20)  She doesn't speak ____ her friend, but her written work is excellent。
    A。 as well as    B. so often as    C. so much as    D。 as good as        BA】
England is the largest of the four countries， and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones。英格兰是四个国家中最大的国家,为了方便，它大致被划分为三个区域。【注释： convenience  n。方便；便利  for the convenience of为了方便…； for (the sake of） convenience为了方便起见； at sb’s convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地点;  be convenient for sb./ sth.对于…方便  eg.  1) The hotel has a restaurant for the guests' convenience.  2)  Please come when it is convenient for you。  3) Please come at your convenience。  4) It’s convenient for sb. (to do sth.)注意：convenient作表语时，不可用“人”作主语.  辨析：divide, separate  （1)divide强调把整体分成若干部分，即化整为零,即破坏了宾语的完整性；而separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是把混在一起的宾语分开。Eg。  1) They divided the house into three parts。  2） The Pyrenees separate France and Spain。 比利牛斯将法国和西班牙分开。  考题：