⾼中英语必修五-unit1课⽂详解必修五 Unit 1 Great Scientists 伟⼤的科学家
steam engine 蒸汽机
characteristic n.特征；特性
radium n.镭
put forward 提出
theory n。理论；学说
infect vt.传染；感染
infectious adj.传染的
cholera n.
scientific adj.科学的
examine vt.检查；诊察；考察
conclude vt. & vi.结束；结论；议定
conclusion n.结论；结束；议定
draw a conclusion得出结论
analyse vt.分析
repeat vi & vt.重复；重做n.
defeat vt. N.打败；战胜；使受挫
attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
expose vt.(与to连⽤)暴露；揭露；
使曝光
deadly adj.致命的
cure n. vt.治愈；痊愈；
outbreak n.爆发；发作（疾病或战争）
control vt.& n.控制；⽀配
absorb vt.吸收；使专⼼
severe adj.严重的；严厉的；严
格的；剧烈的
valuable adj.贵重的；有价
值的
clue n.线索；提⽰
pump n.泵；抽⽔机
pub n.酒馆；酒吧
blame vt.责备；谴责；把…归咎
于；
n.过失；责备immediately adv.⽴即；马上
handle n.柄；把⼿； vt.
处理
germ n.微⽣物；细菌addition n.加；增加；加法in addition也；另外
link vt.连接；联系 n.联
系；环link…to…将…和…连接或联系起来
announce vt.宣布；通告certainty n.确知；确信；
确实
instruct vt.命令；指⽰；
教导
virus n.病毒construction n.建设；结构；建筑物
apart from 除…之外；此外creative adj.有创造⼒的；独创的
co-operative adj.合作的positive adj.积极的；肯定的
be strict with对…严格的revolutionary adj.⾰命的calculation n.计算；计算
结果
lead to通向；导致movement n。移动；运动；动作
make sense有意义backward adv. & adj.向后
地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）
loop n.圈；环
complete adj.完整的；完成
的
privately adv.私下地；秘
密地
spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；
纺（线）
brightness n.明亮；亮度；
聪颖
enthusiastic adj.热情的；
热⼼的
cautious adj.⼩⼼的；谨慎
的
reject vt.拒绝；不接受；
丢弃
point of view态度；观点；
看法
logical adj.和逻辑的；合乎常
理的
II．Reading JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London — so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰斯诺在伦敦是⼀位著名的医⽣，的确，如此出名以致于由他护理维多利亚⼥王⽣孩⼦。【注释：attend v.出席；到场；注意；照看attend to处理；注意倾听；
专⼼于；照料； attend school/ class/ church/ a wedding/ a meeting/ a lecture/ a movie; attend on/ upon sb.伺候某⼈；照顾某⼈； eg. 1) I’ll attend to the
matter.我来处理此事。 2) He was very tired after the long run, and expected someboday to attend
on him.长袍之后他感到⾮常疲劳，很想有个⼈来照顾⾃⼰⼀下。▲辨析： attend, join, join in, take part in (1) attend是正式⽤语，⼀般指参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼及去听课、听报告等；（2）join指加⼊某党派、某组织、某社会团体以及参军等，如：He joined the football club two years ago.
(3) join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指其他⼈⼀起参加某项活动，如： I hope you’ll all join in the discussion. (4) take part in 指参加众性活动、会议、劳动、游⾏等，往往参加者持有积极地
态度，并起到⼀定的作⽤，有时可与join in互换，如： Will you take part in the English evening 试题：
—— Who is ______ the patient —— Maybe his sister.
A. taking care
B. looking for
C. joining in
D. attending on】
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed
to cholera.但当他想到要帮助受侵扰的普通民众，他就感到受到激励（或感受到神灵的召唤）。【注释：①inspire (1)影响或触动： eg. The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.落叶触动了
她的伤感. (2) ⿎励；激励 eg. 1) inspire sb. with hope激起某⼈的希望 2) I was inspired to work harder than ever before.我受激励⽐以往任何时候都更加努⼒地⼯作。②expose to使易受；使
受 eg. exposed themselves to disease使他们受到疾病的影响； exposed their children to classical music. 使他们的孩⼦们受到古典⾳乐的影响。考题：
1. As we all know，women do not________their faces in public in some Middle Eastern countries.
A．cover B．keep C．expose D．protect
2．The more one is________the English-speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language. A．exposed to B．filled in C．caught on D．kept up
3．The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that ____ to strong sunlight may be harmful to the skin. A．contributing B．exposing C．contributed D．being exposed 】
This was the most deadly disease of its day. 这在当时是最为致命的疾病。【注释：deadly adj. 致命的；死⼀般的；绝对的；完全的如：deadly weapons致命武器；a deadly pallor.死⼈般的
高中英语课文苍⽩；deadly enemies.不共戴天的仇敌；：deadly concentration.绝对专⼼】Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.其原因及⽅法都不为⼈知道。【注释：neither和相关连词nor 连⽤,
连接并列主语（1）、并列谓语（2）、并列宾语（3） eg. （1）Neither we nor they want it. 我们和
他们都不要它。（2） She neither called nor wrote. 她既没打电话也没写信来。（3） I got neither the gift nor the card.我既没得到礼物，也没得到贺卡。考题：
(2008辽) 1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _____.
A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I
2. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，________.
A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每当这种疾病爆发的时候，就有数以千计的感到恐惧的⼈死掉。【注释：every time这是由名词词组
充当连词，引导时间状语从句，类似这种⽤法的名词短语有：不定代词+time，如：any time; each time;
介词+time 如：by the time…；序数词+time，如： the first/last time…; the +瞬间名词，如：the minute, the moment, the instant “⼀…就…”； the +时间名词，如： the day, the night, the month, the time…eg. 1) She demands sweets from me every
time/each time she sees me. 2) The truck will have arrived
by the time you have all the things packed up. 3) The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.
4) I’ll give him your message the minute/ the moment/ the instant he arrives. 5) He bought a
computer the day/ the time he got his salary. 考题：
1. Don’t stop________you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．at the time B．each time C．by the time D．Sometimes
2. ________you talk with someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times B．Some time C．Every time D．The time】
John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem.约翰斯诺想⽤
他的知识来帮助解决这个问题。 He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道直到到原因才能控制该疾病。
He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.他对
如何让⼈丧⽣的两种理论感兴趣。【注释：explaining how cholera killed people是现在分词作定
语，其逻辑主语是two theories.】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. 第⼀种认为在空⽓中不合理地进⾏繁殖.【注释：without reason没道理；不合
理 eg. Tom is a very clever boy, but he said that without reason.】A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.⼀层危险的⽓体到处漂浮，直到它到
载体（⼊侵对象）。 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals, from the stomach the disease attached the body quickly and soon the affected person was dead.第⼆种认为⼈们在吃饭的时候将这种疾病吸收到体内，然后，
从胃⾥该疾病很快就攻击⾝体，很快被感染的⼈就会死掉。【注释：absorb vt.(1) To take in; assimilate:
吸⼊；同化：They are immigrants who were absorbed into the social mainstream.他们是被社会的主
流同化了的移民。 (2) To endure; accommodate：忍耐；忍受 eg. We couldn't absorb the additional hardships.我们不能忍受额外的困苦. (3) 吸引；使专⼼；使全神贯注eg. The writer was absorbed in
his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.作家全神贯注地进⾏写作，忘了弹去
雪茄烟的烟灰。be absorbed into被…吞并；兼并be absorbed in专⼼于；全神贯注于试题： 1) She was so ____ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted
B. absorbed
C. drawn
D. focused
2. _______ in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours
in her study.
A．Having deeply absorbed B．Deeply absorbing C．Deeply having been absorbed D．Deeply absorbed】
He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct.他相信第
⼆种理论，可是需要证明是对的。So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.所以在1854年，当另⼀场爆发袭击伦敦的时候，约
翰斯诺准备测试这两个理论。【注释：hit (1)打，击 eg. 1) The boy hit the other boy and was naturally punished by the headmaster."这男孩打了另⼀个男孩，理所当然地受到校长的处罚。 (2) 受影响 eg.
1) Price increases hit everyone's pocket.物价上涨冲击了每个⼈的钱袋。 2) Strike waves hit
several Western European countries.罢⼯的浪潮袭击了好⼏个西欧国家。】 As the disease spread quickly through the poor neighbourhoods, John Snow began to gather the information.
当疾病迅速在贫穷的邻⾥间传播的时候，约翰斯诺开始收集相关信息。【注释：spread传开，传播：事件
范围扩⼤，在更⼤的领域被⼈知晓或蔓延eg. 1) The word spread fast.消息散布得很快. 2) The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by.⽕从⼯⼚蔓延到附近的房舍。】He found that in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.他发现在两个特别的街道，爆发的是如此严重，以致于在10天之内有500
多⼈死亡。 He determined to find out why.他决定搞清楚为什么。 He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.在⼀张地图上他标出了所有死亡⼈的居住地。【注释：where all the
dead people had lived是定语从句，由关系副词where引导。】Here it is：这就是：
The map gave a valuable clue
about the cause of the disease.
这份地图提供了有关该疾病原因有价值