相近词组归纳
1. about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。
  about 系常用词 如:
  look about 四处看。
  around 具有 about 的基本意思 因此 look about=look around 但在下列短语里around没有 about正式 如:
  travel around 各处旅行
  round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中 一般用round指“旋转” 而用 around指“处处” “到处” 如:
  She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声 她回头看。
  I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都过了。
  另外 英国人用 round的地方 美国人倾向于用 around 如:
  [英] Winter comes round.
  [美] Winter comes around.
2. aboard,abroad,board,broad

aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.

abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.

board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.

broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.

3. accident,incident,event

accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)

incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。

event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。

4.accomplish,complete,finish,achieve,attain

accomplish表成功,强调完成的结果而不是过程。如:Because of his hard word,things are accomplished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)

complete 表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet?(他的小说写完了吗?)

finish最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如:I'll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。)

achieve 完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.

Attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如:Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.

5. accurate,correct,exact,precise

accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)

correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect,wrong。

exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。

precise强调“精确”,“精密”。

6.accuse,charge,sue

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.

charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

7.achieve,acquire,require,inquire

achieve(成功地)完成,实现。如:He will never achieve anything unless he works harder. (如他不努力工作,将会一事无成。)

acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)

inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person's name(问一个人的姓名)

require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)

8.act,action,deed

act 用作名词时,与action,deed均可表“行为”,“举动”。Act指时间较短的个人行动或行为,强调结果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing his apples. (农夫在孩子们正偷他的苹果时把他们抓住了。)

action较正式,往往指不止包含一个步骤,且持续时间较长的行为或行动,强调行为的过程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行动比语言更重要。)

deed为正式用语,多指伟大的,显着的,感人的行为。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他们感谢他做的好事。)

9.actual,true,real,genuine

actual 意为“实际的”,“现实的”,指所形容的事物在事实上已经发生或存在,而不是仅在理论上可能发生或存在的。

true“真实的”,指与实际相符,而非虚假。
genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“货真价实的”,强调正宗而非冒牌。

10. adequate,enough,sufficient

adequate 足够的,指数量多,适合需要的数量。

enough足够的,指数量多,足够满足某种目的或愿望。

sufficient同enough,常可互换使用。但sufficient指数量多,足够满足某种需要,在口语中常用enough,在书面语中常用sufficient,在不易肯定时多用enough。Enough可放在被修饰名词后,且可作副词,sufficient则不可这么用。

11.admit,confess

两者都表“承认”。

admit指大胆地承认以前试图不论或推诿的坏事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (约翰已承认打破了窗玻璃。)

Confess常指承认错误,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承认了罪行。)

12.advice,advise

advice劝告(名词)。如:I want to give you some advice.

advise劝告(动词)。如:What do you advise me to do?

13. adopt,adapt

adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own,they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)

(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)

adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。

14. advantage,benefit,profit

advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)

benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)

15.advise,convince,persuade

均可表“劝说”。

advise表建议,规劝某人应该做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他劝我把钱存入银行。)

convince指向某人陈述事实,运用推理或逻辑证明使某人信服。如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我们说服了史密斯乘火车而不乘飞机前往。)

persuade指用感情说服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我说服他回去工作了。)

16.affect,effect

affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.

effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.

17.afford,provide,supply

都有“提供,供给”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

telephone是什么意思provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

18.agree,consent

agree 为常用词。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意这个条件吗?)

consent为正式用词,多用于上下级的关系,表示同意别人的要求或请求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(国王同意你的计划吗?)