全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲
全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲一、细胞生物学和生物化学
1(细胞结构、功能、分裂(细胞周期:可用放射性标记物进行研究) 细胞膜控制物质进出的功能:选择透过性(协助扩散、主动运输) 内吞和外排作用细胞骨架:微丝、微管等
原核细胞(典型的原核生物:蓝藻和细菌)与真核细胞的区别有丝分裂实验步骤及所用到的材料
2(DNA、RNA(核酸)组成单位、空间结构及其变性、复性等问题。蛋白质的组成单位、空间结构及其变性、复性等问题。
3(提取DNA的实验(原理、过程、注意问题)
4(DNA复制过程、转录、翻译过程(中心法则)
5(鉴定蛋白质、脂肪、还原性糖(及淀粉:直链淀粉和支链淀粉)的方法、颜变化
6(电泳方法
7(蛋白质的差异(结构上)和氨基酸(20种)的差异
8(血红蛋白的功能、结构(猪、人、牛的某一区段相似:功能相似—携带氧) 9(酶的特性及其影响因素:相关实验
10(蛋白质类型:组合蛋白和功能蛋白
二、遗传学及进化理论
1(遗传学三大规律:分离、自由组合、连锁与交换、伴性遗传(常、性染体;性别决定)
rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on
development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastru
cture, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities
2(生物的变异:基因突变、基因重组、染体变异 3(原始生命的起源过程、现代进化理论、人类起源自然选择学说主要内容
生物进化的证据:最可靠:化石
比较解剖学:同源器官和同功器官
胚胎发育学:早期具有相似的特征:尾和鳃裂考点提示:
(一)遗传病及其分析
1(常染体显隐性遗传病、性染体显隐性遗传病 2(计算发病率、预测某家族未来发展趋势
3(单基因遗传病、多基因遗传病、染体异常遗传病 (二)数量遗传与质量遗传的特点
(三)体遗传平衡定律(哈德—温伯格定律) (四)袁隆平:3系杂交水稻及杂交育种
细胞核不育和细胞质不育问题
(五)复等位基因
三、动物学
(动物冬眠的生理意义:对寒冷和食物不足的一种适应 1
2(昆虫的变态(完全变态和不完全变态)
3(动物分类学(无脊椎动物及脊椎动物的主要类及其特点:初二第三册)
四、植物学
1(植物主要类及其主要特征(特别是种子植物:花的结构:初二第三册) approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are noroval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and nd appvironment, it
is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination aservice. Low efficiency of
government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business ennment ner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize goverrea of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manting aPark, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starustries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" ng indve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leadithe roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next dec-nt, we have formed a "threerAt presewed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiest allo2
2(胞间连丝、植物导管与筛管及其作用
3(组织培养方法、优点
4(逆境生理:植物在反常环境里(高温、低温、干旱、盐碱地等)所表现出来的
现象。
5(光合作用:C3(卡尔文循环)植物、C4植物及其区别 6呼吸作用:三羧酸循环
7(植物生长素生理作用、发现实验(达尔文、温特等人的实验) 8(植物细胞质
壁分离与恢复实验(原理及实验现象)
9(植物吸收矿质元素的过程:交换吸附与主动运输(与呼吸作用关系) 几种重要矿质元素及其重要作用
五、人体生理及解剖学
1(几种不同肌肉的特点
2(三大营养物质(蛋白质、脂类、糖类)的消化、代谢过程及其相互间的关系
3(神经系统基本组成单位:神经元(细胞)
4(反射与反射弧的概念、组成;大脑皮层及其作用
5(神经传导方式(能看图判断)
(神经纤维上传导及神经细胞间的传导方式)
神经递质:
6(激素调节功能及其应用
(1) 胰岛素与糖尿病(致病原因:大量食糖、缺胰岛素、肾脏病变:过滤功能或
重吸收功能减弱)
(2) 脑垂体与其它腺体(卵巢、甲状腺、肾上腺)的关系
eep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiesrs, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear t初二生物
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