3.1.1  将单词分译成汉语的句子
1. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.
她可以谅解地为自己高超的烹调技艺感到自豪。
她自夸她高超的烹调技艺，这是有情可原的。
2. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.
古人曾试图说明虹是怎样产生的，但没有成功。
3. Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance.”
在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。
4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
亡羊补牢教案他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神。
3.1.2  将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
2. I’m surprised to learn that he lost the game.
我惊奇地获悉他在比赛中失利了。
我听说他在比赛中失利了，感到十分意外。
3. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.
男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计师的当。
4. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
5.  Their power increased with their number.
他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
3.1.3  将分句译成句子
1. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。
2. He just stood there with his arms folded when he might have given me a hand.
他本可以帮我一把，却偏偏只是站在那儿袖手旁观。
3. Basic education is the key area where according to a study of 30 countries by an outstanding economist the return is 30%.
基础教育是一个关键领域；据一位著名经济学家对30个国家的研究，其收益率为30%。
4. Three  may keep secret if two of them are dead.
若要三人保密，除非两人死去。
3.2  名词性从句的译法
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，那是很可能的。）
    他很可能已经走了。
5. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.<<Pride and Prejudice>>
用that,what,how等引导的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
1. I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.
    我告诉他，由于那是最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。
2. Can you hear what I said?
    你能听得到我所讲的吗？
用 it 作假宾语的句子，汉译时 that 引导的宾语从句一般可按原文顺序；it不译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.
我向他们讲清楚了的， 他们必须在上午十点前交卷。
有时译文中也可将that引起的宾语从句提前。如：
I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.
我被选参加会议，感到光荣。
（一）同位语从句不提前， 如：
1. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中国来访问。
（二） 同位语从句提前， 如：
2.  But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler.
但我知道不能轻信他。他是个政治骗子这种可能性总是存在的。
3. Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
    然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。
（三）增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开，如：
3. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.
但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。
Exercises:
1. It was natural that now the conversation turned to the tragic events that had taken place there a month before.
2. It is clear that she has some great sorrow.
3. A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions.
4. I took it for granted that he would sign the document.
5. He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be still alive.
3.3  长句的译法
所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”，按意将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如：
If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “ Windy city”.
如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感觉到从湖边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。
在遇到长句时，应首先考虑能否把此句化整为零，在采用切断法时，要注意的一个问题是适当运用汉语的关联词。
3.3.2  拆译法（分句法）
就是将英语句子中有些成分从句中拆出来另行处理，或置于句尾，以利用句子的总体安排。如：
The president said at a press conference dominated  by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
在一次记者招待会上， 问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了这样大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
第四章： 辞格的翻译
由于东西文化的不同，也造成了英汉比喻的差异。在英语中能引起美感的比喻直译到汉语中却往往平淡无奇，不知所云，甚至引起歧异和误解。
4.1.1: 保留喻体形象
喻体和喻义完全相同的英汉对应成语和谚语一般可采取直译方法，保留原喻体。