名词性从句基本用法及考点归纳
孝昌一中 郭小青
对名词性从句的考查是湖北卷完成句子试题很重要的一个部分，查看近几年的湖北高考完成句子都将名词性从句作为各种从句的必考点。如：
2007年湖北省高考题1:I haven’t the slightest idea (他正在说什么).(talk)
2007年湖北省高考题2：The fact __（他失败了数次）makes him very upset (he, fail)
此题考查同位语从句和现在完成时，答案是that he has failed (for) several times
2007年湖北省高考题3： (他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he, abroad)
2008年湖北省高考With the rapid development of science and technology，I can’t ima
gine_____________ (我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten years. ( what)
此题考宾语从句，答案是what my hometown will be/look like 注意用将来时且是陈述语序
2010年湖北高考The news______________ (房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.
从中可看出，虽然对名词性从句的考查比重在下降，2007年有3道题涉及名词性从句的考查，而2008年，2009年只有一题，，但2010年还是再次考查了名词行从句中的同位语从句。可见，高中对名词性从句的把握还是很重要的。其命题规律：一般不给出连接词，增加题目难度；有时还会在期中穿插其他语法，比如说时态，语态，动词搭配等来增加试题难度。
当然，不管怎么考查，作为学生们首先得弄清楚名词性从句的其本用法。
名词性从句基本用法：
概念:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句在功能上相当于名词：
如：主语： His job is important. What he does is important.
表语： This is his job. This is what he does every day.
宾语： I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day
同位语：I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.
I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
一．主语从句：充当句子主语的从句
eg. That he will succeed is certain.
Whether he will go there is not known.
What he said is not true. whether是什么意思
Where he hid the money is to be found out .
Whoever comes is welcome.
1.从属连词that引导主从只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主从中不充当成分，但不可省。
从属连词whether引导主从有意义“是否”，在主从中不充当成分，但不可省（不可用if替换）。
连接副词where,when,why,how引导主从在句子中分别做地点状语，时间状语，原因状语和方式状语，后都应用陈述语序。
连接代词who,whoever引导主从且在从句中做主语，不可省。
连接代词what,which,whatever,whichever引导主从且在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语等，不可省。
2.在下列句型中常用it做形式主语，that从句引导真正的主句从句。这也是把握的一个难点，得考学生下去记忆。
It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that… 很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……
It’s said / reported that… 据说/据报道……
It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好像/碰巧......
It’s been announced / declared that…已经通知/宣布……
It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/无疑……
It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众所周知) that…
二．宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)
1.连词that, whether, if (that常可省略)
who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how（都不可省）
2.that在宾语从句中的保留与省略
在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略
We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。
He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.
三．表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。 作用:对主语进行解释说明。
1.连接词that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句；that不可省)
连接代词who / whom / whose / which / what（做成分不可省）
连接副词when / where / why / how / because（做状语不可省）
四．同位语从句：在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief; fact; truth; problem; news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。
同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether
eg. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect (视察) them.
注意：同位语从句的辨别
名词性从句考点归纳：
一、名词性从句的语序
(1) 名词性从句构成有两种
a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.
(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。
如：他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How he was successful is still a puzzle.
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
1. that 和what 的选用：
that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
1. _what_ he wants is a book. 2. That he wants to go there is obvious.
3. The result is that we won the game. 4. This is what we want to know.
5. Is what he told us true? 6. We should pay attention to what the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt that he will come. 8. I have no idea what he did that afternoon.
2.whether和if的选用：
不能使用if的情况a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
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