宾语从句
学习目标：
1. 学生能辨认出宾语从句，选用正确的引导词。
2. 学生能理解宾语从句在汉语中的表述形式，并用正确的时态和语序翻译。
目标分解：
（1）宾语常用词性及其位置。
（2）宾语从句的结构位置和翻译。
（3）宾语从句的句式问题：时态的主从一致原则；陈述性语序；否定前移。
（4）宾语从句的引导词：that/what; whether/if。
（5）从句对比：if和when引导宾语从句以及状语从句的区别。
教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化
一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。（需要老师进行个性化设计）
外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机
内部动机：好激发
一 问题定位
1. 请出下列句中的宾语并划线 
1) They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.
2) I don’t know that he will come.
3) I don’t know whether/if he will come.
4) I don’t know when he will come.
5) Your parents always worry about your safety. 
6) We are worried about whether he is in danger. 
2. 请选择适当的引导词填空
1) The mother likes saying _________she has a good daughter.    that
2) They told me ___________they could finish the work before ten o’clock.  that
3) The boy wanted to know ___________they could go boating.  if/ whether
4) Mr Green asked __________would give the message to Miss Wang.  who
5) Dad wanted to know __________the tennis match would be.    where
6) She hasn’t decided __________language she is going to choose.    which
7) It’s well-known __________Lu Xun was a great writer.      that
8) Do you know _________Doctor King live?    where
9) Your mother will call you when you __________(come) back. But I don’t know when she _________ (call).   come, will call
10) She told me that light ___________(travel) faster than sound.    Travels
2、激发已有知识
1、教师提问：宾语常是什么词性？放在什么位置？
（根据学生回答，结合原因分析的情况灵活决定需要与否。）
说出划线部分在句中的成分、词性及说出句子类型
(1)    Who answered the telephone just now?
(2)    The musician has collected over 500 folk songs．
(3)    The bed takes up too much room.
(4)    Smoking won’t do you any good.
(5)    I have told the good news to all my friends.
(6)    This new technology will save us much time and labour.
(7)    I’m sure that you’ll succeed.
(8)    She promised her brother that she would write to him.
宾语的定义：宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。
内化过程：请总结宾语常放置的位置，并总结其常见形式。
三、解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：
1、教师提问： 宾语从句的定义是什么？结构位置是怎样？要如何翻译？
（请学生说出自己知道的类型，并能举出课文或课外文章的例子。老师据情况补充。）
步骤一、宾语从句的位置结构与翻译
宾语从句:We        know        him．          简单句
We        know        he likes English.  宾语从句 
I think that mooncakes are delicious!
含义：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。
内化过程：你能否从课文中到宾语从句？然后仿造例子自行造句？
2、步骤二、宾语从句的句式学习，及其常见误区。
2.1. 教师提问：宾语从句所用的语序是什么呢？
观察下列句子，分析每个句子是什么语序。
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
  I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
  I think (that) you will like this school soon.
  Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
  Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
1. 当连接词本身就是从句中的主语时，语序为：主句 + 连接词 + 谓语 + 其他成分
  My grandma wants to figure out who on earth broke the window.
  Miss Cai asked what was the matter with Linda.
  Nobody knew what’s wrong with her.
  I wondered what happened to Harry.
2. 当连接词不作从句中的主语时，语序为：主句 + 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
  I’m afraid that you must pay for it if you lost it.
  He asked me whether I was from China.
  Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
  Do you remember how old he is?
内化过程：你能否从课文中到宾语从句？然后仿造例子自行造句？
Exercise: 将下列句子合并为一句。
1. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting.                                                                     
2. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
I asked where they stopped on the way.                                                                                     
3. How happy I am to be in Britain again. Franklin told them all.
Frank told them all how happy he was to be in Britain again.                                                                                         
4. Franklin told them all ______ to be in Britain again.  B
  A. he was how happy                      B. how happy he was   
  C. how was he happy                      D. he was happy how
5. Do you know __________  Zunyi or not tomorrow?   B
A. whether are they leaving for            B．whether they are leaving for
C. if they are leaving for                  D．if are they leaving for
2.2. 教师提问：whether是什么意思宾语从句中主句与从句时态对应有什么规律？
观察下列句子，分析每个句子时态有什么规律。
宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
    Please tell us where he is.
    Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
  He asked what time it was.
  He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
  He asked if you had written to Peter.
  He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象或公式、定理、谚语、名人名言等，则用一般现在时。