宾语从句
宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
（一） 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
结构：
主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导宾语从句 3~时态：A.主句---现在时 从句---任一时态】
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句
词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …
句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…
词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …
句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…
前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：
—Who did you interview?
—I interviewed Bill.
—
—Who did you interview?
—I interviewed Bill.
—
What did you ask him?
—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.
—…
（二）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即 “主语在前，谓语在后”。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。
—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.
—…
（二）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即 “主语在前，谓语在后”。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。
2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去任何一种时态
3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
（三）宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
主句时态 | 从 句 时 态 | |
连 接 前 | 连 接 后 | |
一般现在时 | 时态保持不变 | |
一般过去时 | 一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
一般过去时 | 一般过去时/ | |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | |
客观真理和客观事实用一般现在时 | ||
（四）含宾语从句的反意问句
带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意问句时，其简短问句的主语和动词一般和主句保持一致。但当主句的谓语动词是 guess, think, suppose, believe, image等时，并且主句的主语人称是第一人称，即I或we时，其简短问句的主语要和从句中的主语保持一致，同时应注意否定的转移。
He said he didn’t pass the exam,_______?
We don’t think our teachers will go abroad,_______?
（五）If ,when 引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别
If 和when 引导宾语从句时，应紧跟在主句动词的后面，他们的意思分别是“是否”和“什么时候”。由他们引导的时态和主句的时态相呼应。If 和when 引导状语从句时，他们的意思分别是“如果，假如”和“当……..的时候”。由它们引导的状语从句即可以放在主句的前面也可以放在主句的后面。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。
（ ） 1.I want to know if there ______a sports meeting next month. If they_____ it, I must get ready for it.
A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. will be; will hold D. will have; hold
（ ）2.He doesn’t tell me when he _______. I’ll telephone you when he _____.
whether是什么意思 A . will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. comes; comes
（六）宾语从句的简化
含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以转化为简单句，大多转化都是将宾语从句转化为不定式结构。
1、 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
2、We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
3、Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
4、I hope that I can make friends with you.=I hope_____ ____ ___with you.
5、He didn’t know where he could find his gold ring.
= He didn’t know ____ _____ _____his gold ring.
注意：不省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；
当宾语从句较长时；
当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
当that在从句中充当主语时
1、典型例题
1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
2.—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____ I can get to the Space Museum?
--Of course. You can take bus No.1.
A. where B. how C. if D. why
3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?
--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.
A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for
4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .
A. what B. when C. why D. where
5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about ______.
A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）
B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
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