《高中英语语法 详细讲解》
主语从句（3-5） 、同位语从句（5-9）、表语从句（9-12）、
定语从句（12-22）、非限制性定语从句（22-24）、状语从句（24-37）
一、名词性从句
百科名片
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句高考热点透视
  1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
  A. There B. This C. That D. It
  答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
  2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
  A．how B．after C．what D．when
  答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
  3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
  A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
  C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
  答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
  4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
  A. when B. how C. whether D. why
  答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
  5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
  A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
  答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的；排除A和D，whichever表示“无论哪一个，无论哪些”，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选 B．whatever，表示“无论什么”。
  6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
  A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
  答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
  7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
  A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
  答案为C。本题句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
  8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
  ---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
  A. why B. what C. when D. where
  答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗？”
  9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
  A. when B. how C. where D. what
  答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案C, D均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
  10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）
  A．where B．what C．how D．which
  答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。
  11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
  A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
  答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。 whether是什么意思
  12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
  —Yes, it could be.
  —I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
  A、if B、how C、what D、that
  答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
名词性从句专项考点练习
  1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
  A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
  答案A：句型It is said that+主语从句。类似的还有It is believed that……etc
  2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
  A. What B. That C. How D. Where
  答案A：观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
  3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
  A. whether B. if C. that D. how
  4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
  A .what B. how C. that D. which
  5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
  A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
  6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
  A .that B. how C .what D. where
  7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few year
s.
  A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
  C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown