英语中的动词不定式是什么意思?什么情况下⽤不定式?
动词不定式是⾮谓语动词之⼀,其形式为to+动词原形。不定式有将来意,有要做⽽未做的意
味。
莎翁的戏剧《Hamlet》⾥有⼀名句:
To be or not to be, that's a question.
⽣存或毁灭,这是个问题。
To be or not to be, 就是典型的不定式当名词⽤,作that的同位语。
动词不定式有三种⽤法,当名词⽤,当形容词⽤,当副词⽤。
名词⽤法
名词可作主语,宾语或表语。
做主语
To be the first every time is difficult.
每次都考第⼀是不容易的。whether是什么意思
当然更常⽤的⽅式是⽤it作形式主语。
It is difficult to be the first every time.
It作形式主语的例⼦就很多了。
It is dangerous for the children to walk around alone.
让⼩孩⼦⾃⼰随处⾛是危险的。
注意否定的⽤法,Not to+动词原形
Not to be rude is the first step of being polite.
不粗鲁是有礼貌的第⼀步。
Not to depend on others is the key to success.
不依赖他⼈是成功的关键。
做宾语
I like to eat apple.
我喜欢吃苹果。To eat apple是like的宾语。
因为是名词,所以和动名词的意义⼀样,I like eating apple.
The problem is where to find a doctor. It is deep in night.
问题是哪⾥去个医⽣。现在是深夜。
My daughter is so naughty. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.
我的⼥⼉很调⽪。我不知道该笑还是该哭。
和not⼀样,where等疑问词也是直接加to前。
作表语
My only fault is to treat others too kind.
我唯⼀的缺点是待⼈太好了。
Your task is to make 100 items before sunset.
你的任务是在⽇落前完成100件。
形容词⽤法
Give me something to eat.
给我⼀些吃的东西。
I don't have a chance to say hello to her in the party.
在宴会上,我没有到和她打招呼的机会。
有⼈会说,形容词不是⼀般都在动词前吗?这个to eat为什么在something后⾯呢。汉语语序和英语语序本来就不是完全对应的。在英语中,
例如,
a bird standing on a wire
站在电线上的鸟⼉
the clothes you wear at the party
你想在宴会上穿的⾐服
副词⽤法
主要是表⽬的。
She went to the store to buy clothes.
她去商店买⾐服。
to buy clothes表⽰的事went to the store的⽬的,所以是功能是状语。
He went to the cinema to watch The Wandering Earth.
他去电影院看流浪地球。