动词
一、五种基本形式：
英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式，原形、现在式（用于第三人称单数）、过去式（用于过去时态）、过去分词（用于各种完成时态）和现在分词（用于各种进行时态）。
1、第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数
构成规则
例词
一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成
eat-eats, read-reads, play-plays等
以e结尾的直接加-s
write-writes, come-comes, close-closes等
以s,x,z,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词，后加-es
Watch-watches, go-es, finish-finishes等
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-es
study-studies, fly-flies等
    2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法
原形
过去式和过去分词
    现在分词
构成规则
例词
构成规则
例词
构成规则
例词
一般情况
turn
加-ed
turned
加-ing
turning
以-e结尾的
move,love
只加-d
moved, loved
去掉e再加-ing
moving, loving
以辅音字母加y结尾的
try,study
应将y改为i再加-ed
tried
studied
直接加-ing
trying, studying
以元音字母加y结尾的
stay,play
直接加-ed
stayed
played
直接加-ing
staying, playing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母
stop,plan
双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed
stopped
planned
双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing
stopping, planning
以r音节结尾的
Prefer,refer
双写末尾的r再加-ed
preferred
referred
双写末尾的r再加-ing
preferring, referring
以ie结尾的
lie,die
加-d
lied,died
将ie变加-ing
lying, dying
3、常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语翻译
am,is
was
been
是
are
were
been
是
bear
bore
born
忍受（熊）
become
became
become
成为，变成
begin
began
begun
开始
break
broke
broken
打坏，打破
bring
brought
brought
带来
build
built
built
建筑，建设
buy
bought
bought
买
catch
caught
caught
揪住，抓住
can情态动词
could
能，会
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语翻译
come
came
come
来
cost
cost
cost
花费
cut
cut
cut
砍，切
do助动词
did
done
做
does助动词
did
done
做
drink
drank
drunk
喝
drive
drove
driven
驾驶，开车
eat
ate
eaten
吃
feel
felt
felt
感觉
find
found
found
发现，到
fly
flew
flown
飞行，放飞
forget
forgot
forgot/forgotten
忘记
get
got
got/gotten
得到
give
gave
given
给予，给
go
went
gone
走，去
grow
grew
grown
成长，种植
have助动词
had
had
有
has助动词
had
had
有
hear
heard
heard
听见
know
knew
known
知道，了解
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
学习
leave
left
left
离开，留下
lend
lent
lent
借给
let
let
let
让
lie
lay
lain
躺下
lose
lost
lost
丢失
make
made
made
制造，制作
meet
met
met
遇见
may情态动词
might
可以
must情态动词
must
必须
pay
paid
paid
付钱，赔偿
put
put
put
放
read
read
read
读
ride
rode
ridden
骑，乘
ring
rang
rung
（钟、铃）响，鸣
run
ran
run
跑
say
said
said
说
see
saw
seen
看见
sell
sold
sold
卖
shall情态动词
should
将
sing
sang
sung
唱
sit
sat
sat
坐
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语翻译
sleep
slept
study的过去分词slept
睡
smell
smelt
smelt
闻起来，嗅
speak
spoke
spoken
说
spell
spelt
spelt
拼读，拼写
spend
spent
spent
花费，度过
stand
stood
stood
站
sweep
swept
swept
打扫
swim
swam
swum
游泳
take
took
took
带去，花费，乘
teach
taught
taught
教
tell
told
told
告诉
think
thought
thought
想，思考
wear
wore
worn
穿戴
win
won
won
获胜，赢
write
wrote
written
写
will情态动词
would
将，愿，会
laugh
laughed/’la:ft/
笑
shout
shouted
喊，叫
point
pointed
指出，指向
like
liked
喜欢
live
lived
生活，居住（现场直播的）
look
looked
看