动词过去式和过去分词总结
1、 规则变化 有六种情况：
1）一般在动词原形后加-ed
原形    过去式        过去分词
look  looked [lukt]    looked 
call     called[kɔ:ld]  called 
open  opened     opened
need  needed      needed
①-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕 后发音为[id] needed [ni:did]
2）以-e结尾的动词直接加-d
原形      过去式            过去分词
move   moved [mu:vd]    moved
phone   phoned         phoned
hope     hoped [həupt]    hoped
agree    agreed  [əˈgri:d]  agreed
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed
study studied  [ˈstʌdid]  studied        carry   carried cariied
try   tried [traid]  tried
4、以元音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed
play played [pleid] played    enjoy enjoyed enjoyed    stay stayed [steid] stayed
5、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed
stop stopped stopped[stɔpt]    plan planned planned  [plænd]  fit fitted fitted [fitid]
6、以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母， 再加-ed
prefer preferred preferred[priˈfə:d]  refer referred  referred [riˈfə:d]
2、不规则变化
study的过去分词
Infinitive 原形
simple past 过去式
past participle 过去分词
A
Abide
abided/abode
abided/abode
Arise
arose
arisen
Awake
awoke/ awakened
awoken
B
Babysit
babysat
babysat
Bear
bore
born / borne
Beat
beat
beaten / beat
Become
became
become
Befall
befell
befallen
Begin
began
begun
Behold
beheld
beheld
Bend
bent
bent
Beset
beset
beset
Beseech
beseeched/besought
beseeched/besought
Beset
beset
beset
Bespeak
bespoke
bespoken
bet
bet
bet
betake
betook
betaken
bid
bid/bade
bid/bidden
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten
bleed
bled
bled
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breastfeed
breastfed
breastfed
breed
bred
bred
bring
brought
brought
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
browbeat
browbeat
browbeat
build
built
built
burn
burnt/ burned
burnt/burned
burst
burst
burst
bust
busted/ bust
busted/ bust
buy
bought
bought
C
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
cling
clung
clung
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
cut
cut
cut
D
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
dive (jump head-first)
dove
dived
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamt/ dreamed
dreamt/ dreamed
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
dwell
dwelt/ dwelled
dwelt/ dwelled
E
eat
ate
eaten
F
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
fit  (to be right size)
fit
fit
fit (to tailor, change size)
fit/ fitted
fit/ fitted
flee
fled
fled
fling
flung
flung
floodlight
floodlit
floodlit
fly
flew
flown
forbear
forbore
forborne
forbid
forbade
forbidden
forecast
forecast/forecasted
forecast/forecasted
forego (also forgo)
forewent
foregone
foretell
foretold
foretold
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forsake
forsook
forsaken
forswear
foreswore
forsworn
freeze
froze
frozen
G
gainsay
gainsaid
gainsaid
get
got
gotten/ got
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grind
ground
ground
grow
grew
grown
H
hamstring
hamstrung
hamstrung
hang
hung
hung
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
heave
heaved/hove
heaved/hove
hew
hewed
hewed/hewn
hide
hid
hidden
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurt
hurt
I
inlay
inlaid
inlaid
input
input
input
inset
inset
inset
intercut
intercut
intercut
interbreed
interbred
interbred
interweave
interwove
interwoven
K
keep
kept
kept
kneel
knelt/ kneeled
knelt/ kneeled
knit
knit/ knitted
knit/ knitted
know
knew
known
L
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
lean
leaned/ leant
leaned/ leant
leap
leapt/ leaped
leapt/ leaped
learn
learned/ learnt
learned/ learnt
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
let
let
let
lie
lay
lain
light
lit / lighted
lit  /  lighted
lose
lost
lost
M
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
miscast
miscast
miscast
mishear
misheard
misheard
mislay
mislaid
mislaid
mislead
misled
misled
misread
misread
misread
misspell
misspelled/ misspelt
misspelled/ misspelt
misspend
misspent
misspent
mistake
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
mow
mowed
mowed/ mown
O
offset
offset
offset
outbid
outbid
outbid
outdo
outdid
outdone
outgrow
outgrew
outgrown
output
output
output
outrun
outran
outrun
outsell
outsold
outsold
outshine
outshone
outshone
overcome
overcame
overcome
overdo
overdid
overdone
overdraw
overdrew
overdrawn
overeat
overate
overeaten
overfeed
overfed
overfed
overfly
overflew
overflown
overhang
overhung
overhung
overhear
overheard
overheard
overlay
overlaid
overlaid
overlie
overlay
overlain
overpay
overpaid
overpaid
override
overrode
overridden
overrun
overran
overrun
oversee
oversaw
overseen
oversell
oversold
oversold
overshoot
overshot
overshot
oversleep
overslept
overslept
overspend
overspent
overspent
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
overwrite
overwrote
overwritten
P
partake
partook
partaken
pay
paid
Paid
plead
pled/ pleaded
pled/ pleaded
pre-set
pre-set
pre-set
proofread
proofread
Proofread
prove
proved
proven/ proved
put
put
put
Q
quit
quit / quitted
quit /  quitted
R
read
read (sounds like "red")
 read (sounds like "red")
rebind
rebound
rebound
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
recast
recast
recast
redo
redid
redone
redraw
redrew
redrawn
rehear
reheard
reheard
remake
remade
remade
rend
rent
rent
rerun
reran
rerun
resell
resold
resold
reset
reset
reset
resit
resat
resat
restring
restrung
restrung
retake
retook
retaken
rethink
rethought
rethought
rewind
rewound
rewound
rewrite
rewrote
rewritten
rid
rid
rid
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
run
ran
run
S
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
sew
sewed
sewn/ sewed
shake
shook
shaken
shear
sheared
shorn/ sheared
shed
shed
shed
shine
shined / shone
shined /  shone
shit
shit/ shat/shitted
shit/ shat/shitted
shoe
shod
shod
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown / showed
shrink
shrank / shrunk
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
simulcast
simulcast
simulcast
sink
sank
sunk
sing
sang
sung
sit
sat
sat
slay
slew
slain
sleep
slept
slept
slide
slid
slid
sling
slung
slung
slit
slit
slit
smell
smelled/ smelt
smelled/ smelt
smite
smote
smitten
sow
sowed
sowed/sown
speak
spoke
spoken
speed
sped / speeded
sped / speeded
spell
spelled/ spelt
spelled/ spelt
spend
spent
spent
spin
spun
spun
spit
spit / spat
spit / spat
split
split
split
spoil
spoiled/ spoilt
spoiled/ spoilt
spotlight
spotlighted/spotlit
spotlighted/spotlit
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang / sprung
sprung
stand 
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stung
stink
stank / stunk
stunk
strew
strewed
strewn/ strewed
stride
strode
stridden
strike
struck
struck/stricken
strive
strove/strived
striven/strived
string
strung
strung
strive
strove/ strived
striven/ strived
sublet
sublet
sublet
swear
swore
sworn
sweep
swept
swept
swell
swelled
swollen, swelled
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung
swung
T
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
telecast
telecast
telecast
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
throw
threw
thrown
thrust
thrust
thrust
tread
trod
trodden, trod
typecast
typecast
typecast
typeset
typeset
typeset
U
unbend
unbent
unbent
unbind
unbound
unbound
underbid
underbid
underbid
undercut
undercut
undercut
undergo
underwent
undergone
underpay
underpaid
underpaid
undersell
undersold
undersold
underlie
underlay
underlain
understand
understood
understood
undertake
undertook
undertaken
underwrite
underwrote
underwritten
undo
undid
undone
unfreeze
unfroze
unfrozen
unwind
unwound
unwound
uphold
upheld
upheld
upset
upset
upset
W
wake
woke / waked
woken / waked
waylay
waylaid
waylaid
wear
wore
worn
weave
wove
woven
wed
wed/ wedded
wed/ wedded
weep
wept
wept
wet
wet/ wetted
wet/ wetted
win
won
won
wind
wound
wound
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
withhold
withheld
withheld
withstand
withstood
withstood
wring
wrung
wrung
write
wrote
written