英语 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化。
实例顺序:动词原形过去式过去分词
发音:ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t],在浊辅音后发音为[d],在元音后发音也为[d],在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]
一.规则变化
1.一般在动词原形后加-ed
looklookedlooked
callcalledcalled
openopenedopened
Needneededneeded
2.以-e结尾的动词加-dmove
phonephonedphoned
hopehopedhoped
agreeagreedagreed
Movemovedmoved
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
studystudiedstudied
carrycarriedcarried
trytriedtried
4.以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed
playplayedplayed
enjoyenjoyedenjoyed
staystayedstayed
5.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stopstoppedstopped
planplannedplanned
fitfittedfitted
6.以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed
preferpreferredpreferred
referreferredreferred
二.不规则变化:英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
cut(切)cutcut
hit(打)hithit
cast(扔)castcast
hurt(伤害)hurthurt
put(放)putput
let(让)letlet
shut(关)shutshut
cost(花费)costcost
set(放)setset
rid(清除)ridrid
2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
find(到)foundfound
pay(支付)paidpaid
leave(离开)leftleft
lend(借出)lentlent
meet(遇见)metmet
keep(保持)keptkept
lose(丢失)lostlost
teach(教)taughttaught
sit(坐)satsat
lead(引导)ledled
win(赢)除)wonwon
3.动词原形与过去分词同形
e(来)camee
run(跑)ranrun
bee(成为)becamebee
4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
give(给)gavegiven
fly(飞)flewflown
drink(喝)drankdrunk
see(看见)sawseen
go(去)wentgone
know(知道)knewknown
wear(穿)woreworn
speak(说)spokespoken
5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
burn(燃烧)burnedburnt
burnedburnt
learn(学习)learnedlearnt
learnedlearnt
smell(闻)smelledsmelt
smelledsmelt
spell(拼写)spelledspelt
spelledspeltstudy的过去分词
shine(照射)shinedshone
shinedshone
leap(跳)leapedleapt
leapedleapt
提示:
A.beat的过去式与原形同形:
比:beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)
B.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:lielied,lied(说谎)
lay,lain(躺,位于)
C.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比:hanghanged,hanged(处绞刑)
hung,hung(挂,吊)
D.wele(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比:weleweled,weled(正)
wele,wele(误)
E.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词