时 态 | 主 动 语 态 | 被 动 语 态 | 常 用 英 语 速 查 表 | 非 限 定 动 词 的 功 能 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
肯 定 式 | 疑 问 式 | 否 定 式 | 肯 定 式 | 疑 问 式 | 否 定 式 | 主 动 语 态 用 法 、例 句 | .主 动 语 态 变 成 被 动 语 态 | 动 词 不 定 式 | 动 名 词 | 分 词 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
一般现在 | * | do you + 动词原形？ | I do not + 动词原形 | am is +过去分 are 词 | Are you+ 过去分词？ | I am not+ 过去分词 | We work hard for the revolution. | 例 句 | 主 动 语 态 | 被 动 语 态 | 1 由不定式记号to 加动词原形构成 2 保留动词特征，兼有名词、形容词和副词特征。 3 如果是及物的，须有宾语 4 可被状语来修饰 5 在句中可作主语、 表语、宾语、定语和状语 ⑥动词不定式有下列时戍 语态的变化 | 1 由动词原形加—ing构成 2 可以有宾语、如： I have finished repairing that machine 我修完那台机器了 3 在句子中可作主语、宾语等。如： 作主语：Seeing is believing. 4 动名词有下列时态和语态的变化 | 1 在现在分词和过去分词两种 2 兼有动词和形容词的特征 3 分词和宾语或状语一起构成分词短语 4 分词和分词短语在句中可作定语、表语和状语如：作定语：I’m reading a very interesting book. 我在读一本很有趣的书。 5 分词有下列时态和语态的变化 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Everybody likes the cook 大家都喜欢这个炊事员 | The cook is liked by everybody. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
一般过去 | 动词过去式 | did you + 动词原形？ | I did not + 动词原形 | was +过去 were 分词 | Were you+ 过去分词？ | I was not+ 过去分词 | 表示过去的动作或状态、常常带有表示过去时间的状语 Before liberation the people lived a poor life. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
一般将来 | shall will + 动词原形 | will you + 动词原形？ | I shall not + 动词原形 | shall be will be + 过去分词 | Will you be+ 过去分词 | I shall not be+ 过去分词 | 表示将来某一时间发生的动作或状态（也可以用be going to +原形表示按计划将要发生的动作） Are you going to go there by bus? | He wrote a letter 他写了一封信 | A letter was written by him | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
现在进行 | am is + are 现在分词 | are you + 现在分词？ | I am not + 现在分词 | am Is being+ Are 过去分词 | Are you being +过去分词 | I am not being+ 过去分词 | 表示现在（指说话人说话时）或现阶段正在进行的动作 We are building socialism | 法 则 | 1 先把主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语 2 然后把主动结构的动词由主动语态变成被动语态 3 在动词被动语态之后加介词by，再将主动结构中的主语放在by之后，变成study的过去分词by 的宾语 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 | 主动 语态 | 被动 语态 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
一般式 | to+ 动词原形 | to be + 过去分词 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 | 现在 | 一般式 | 动词原形 +ing | being+ 过去分词 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
过去进行 | was + were 现在分词 | were you + 现在分词 | I was not + 现在分词 | was being+ were过去分词 | Were you being+ 过去分词 | I was not being+ 过去分词 | 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段时间正在进行的动作 The machines were all running when we visited the factory. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
进行式 | to be+ 现在分词 | / | 一般式 | 动词原形 +ing | being+ 过去分词 | 分词 | 完成式 | having+ 过去分词 | having been+ 过去分词 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
将来进行 | shall Be + will 现在分词 | will you be + 现在分词 | I shall not be + 现在分词 | 表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段时间正在进行的动作 We shall be having an English lesson at eight tomorrow morning. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
完成式 | to have + 过去分词 | to have been + 过去分词 | 完成式 | having+ 过去分词 | having been+ 过去分词 | 过去分词 | —— | 过去分词 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
现在完成 | have + has 过去分词 | have you + 过去分词？ | I have not + 过去分词 | have been has been + 过去分词 | Have you been+ 过去分词？ | I have not been + 过去分词 | 表示过去发生而对现在有影响的动作或从过去某时刻到现在为止一段时间内发生的动作 We have studied English for two years. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
从 属 连 词 | 特 殊 疑 问 句 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
过去完成 | had + 过去分词 | had you + 过去分词？ | I had not + 过去分词 | had been + 过去分词 | Had you been + 过去分词？ | I had not been+ 过去分词 | 表示过去某一时刻或动作以前已经发生的动作 By the end of 1958,China had set up many people’s communes. | 时 间 | wben 当……时 since 自从 before 在……以前 until afte 在……以后 till 直到…为止 while 在……期间 once 一旦 as 一边……一边，正当 。as soon as--…就…… | 结 构 | 条 件 | 语 序 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
采用陈述句的语序 | 当疑问词（或疑问词组）是句子的主语或是主语的定语时 | 疑问词+谓语……？“ Who is repairing the motor there? （主语） What machines are used for this work? (定语) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
将来完成 | shall have + will have 过去分词 | will you have + 过去分词？ | I shall not have + 过去分词 | shall have will been +过去分词 | Will you have been + 过去分词 | I shall not +have been + 过去分词 | 表示将来某一时刻前已完成的动作 By the end of this month, the factory will have carried out its plan. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
规 则 变 化 | 地点 | where在……地方 wherever无论……地方 | 虚 拟 语 气 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
作 用 | 现 在 | 过 去 | 将 来 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
动 词 | 名 词 复 数 | 名 词 所 有 格 | 原 | becauso因为now(that)既然 since 既然，因为 for the reason that as 由于 鉴于……理由 | 与现在事实相反 | 与过去事实相反 | 与将来事实可能相反或实现可能性很小 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
动词原形 | 过去分词 | 现在分词 | 变化规则 | 1 大多数+s | ①单数名词加 ’s | 因 | 主 | should(第一人称) | should(第一人称) | should(第一人称) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
work | worked | working | 大多数加—ed,ing | ②ch ,sh , s, x结尾加—es | ②以S对尾的复数名词加 ’ | 目 的 | that in order that为了以便 so that 为了,以便 lest 以免，以防 | 句 | would(第二、三人称) +动词原形 | would(第二、三人称) +have+过去分词 | would(第二、三人称) +动词原形 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
produce | produced | producing | E结尾时去e加—ed,ing | ③辅音字母+y结尾：变y为I再加—es | ③不以s结尾的复数名词加 ’s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
study | studied | studying | 辅音字母+y结尾变y再加i再加ed，直接加ing | ④ f, fe结尾、变f，FE为v再加—es个别加s | ④表示无生命东西的所有关系时of+名词 | 结果 | so……that如此……以致 such……that如此……以致 | 从句 | 动词的过去式（be的过去式一律用were） | had+过去分词 | should+动词原形 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plan | planned | planning | 重读闭音节未仅一个辅音、辅音字母双写再加—ed--ing | ⑤O结尾多数--es，个别加---s | 条 | if 如果，假如 as long as只要 unless除非，若不 suppose假如 in case万一 supposing that假如 once 一经，一旦provided(that)假如 | 动 向、 位 置、 时 间 介 词 示 意 图 WG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
形 容 词 副 词 的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级 | 件 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
单音节词加—er,—est | 单音节词e结尾只加 —r,--st | 重读闭音节词未仅一个辅音辅音字母双写再加—er,--est | 辅音字母+Y结尾变Y为I再加—er, -- est | 所有多音节和部分双音节词前面加more most | 让步 | though whoever 无论谁 although 虽然whatever 无论什么 even if whichever不管那一个 even though 既然 however不管怎样 as （虽然）尽管whether不论…或…… | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
high higher highest | great greater greatest | large larger largest | late later latest | big bigger biggest | hot hotter hottest | heavy heavier heaviest | early earlier earliest | important more important most important | quickly more quickly most quickly | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
不 规 则 变 化 | 比 较 | （as）……as象……一样 the (more)…the (more)… 越……，越……；愈……愈……。 That 比 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
名 词 复 数 | 副 词 | 形 容 词 | 动 词 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
foot →feet 英尺；脚 tooth →teeth 齿 man →men 男人 woman →women 妇女 | well 好、很好地 better best | much多、很、非常 more most | good好的 better best | many多的 much more most | 动词原形 be begin do have hear make tell write | 过去式 was, were began did had heard made told wrote | 过去分词 been begun done had heard mace told written | 方 式 | as如，象，照 as if us though 好象 just as 正如 as……as和……一样 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
badly 坏、糟 worse worst | little 很少地 less least | ill 坏地 worse worst | little小的、少的 less least | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
外 来 名 词 | late 迟迟地 later latest | far 远远地 further 进上步地 farther 更远地 furthest farthest 最远地 | late迟的 later更迟的 latter 后者 latest 最近的 last最后的 | old老的、旧的 older更老的 elder更年长的 oldest最旧的 eldest最年老的 | 并 联 | and 和，并且 but但是 or 或者 for因为 not only…but also不仅…而且…… both…and 既……又…… neither……nor 既不……也不…… either……or 不是……就是 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
datum →data 数据 radius →radii半径 formula →formulae公式 axis →axes轴 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cannily 精明地 cannilier canniliest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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