英语动词变过去式和过去分词记忆法
动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词
规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样，变化规则如下：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
注：闭音节是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。
闭音节： a)辅音+元音+辅音例如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;
b)元音+辅音例如 it、of;
c) 元音+多个辅音例如： egg ，fish 。
重读闭音节：闭音节为重读音节的音节。重读闭音节中元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，而是发短元音。如：:run
swim jog sit begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin 改成双写的) .
重读闭音节三要素：
（1）必须是重读音节；
（2）以一个辅音字母结尾；
（3）元音字母发短元音。study的过去分词
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
不规则动词动词过去式和过去分词变化规律如下：
【AAA型】：Cost → cost → cost
cut → cut → cut put → put → put
read → read → read set → set → set
shut → shut → shut hit → hit →hit
hurt→ hurt → hurt let → let → let
【ABB型】： (原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)
catch → caught → caught teach → taught → taught
bring → brought → brought buy → bought → bought
think → thought → thought
(原形→元音变化→元音变化)
sit → sat → sat meet→ met→ met
find → found → found get → got → got
stand → stood → stood understand understood understood win→ won→ won hold → held → held
shine → shone→ shone dig→ dug → dug
hang→ hung/hanged→ hung/hanged
(原形→ “…t” → “…t”)
lose → los t→ lost build→ built → built
spill→ spilt → spilt spoil → spoilt→ spoilt
send → sent → sent spend→ spent → spent
smell → smelt → smelt feel → felt → felt
mean→ meant → meant lend → lent → lent
learn → learnt/learned → learnt/learned
(原形→ “…d” → “…d”)
Make → made → made have(has) → had → had
pay → paid → paid say → said → said
lay → laid → laid sell → sold → sold
tell → told → told h ear → heard → heard
(“ee/ea” → “e..t” → “e..t”)
sweep → swept swept keep → kept → kept
leave → left → left sleep → slept → slept
【ABC型】： (原形→变形→原形+en/ne)
be(am,is)→ was→ been be(are) → were→ been
see→ saw → seen do → did → done
go→ went → gone bea t → beat → beaten
eat → ate → eaten give→ gave → given
hide→ hid → hidden fall→ fell → fallen
mistake→ mistook → mistaken take→ took → taken
drive→ drove→ driven rise→ rose → ri sen
ride→ rode → ridden write → wrote→ written (原形→ “-o-” → “过去式-n”)
break → broke → broken speak→ spoke → spoken
choose → chose →chosen forget→ forgot → forgotten
freeze → froze→ frozen wake woke/waked woken/waked
(原形→ “ew” → “原形-n”)
draw → drew→ drawn blow → blew→ blown
show→ showed → shown fly → flew → flown
grow→ grew → grown throw → threw→ thrown
know → knew→ known
(原形→ “-a-” → “-u-”)
b egin→ began→ begun ring → rang → rung
drink → drank → drunk sing → sang → sung
sink→ sank/sunk →sunk/sunken swim →s wam → swum
【其他】lie→ lay → lain wear → wore → worn
【ABA型】 become became become
come → came → come run→ran → run
【AB型】(无过去分词) May might Must must can could shall should will would
英语重读闭音节就是闭音节为重读音节的音节。
重读闭音节中元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，而是发短元音。
重读闭音节三要素：
（1）必须是重读音节；
（2）以一个辅音字母结尾；
（3）元音字母发短元音。
改变时态时，重读闭音节需要双写末尾辅音字母.
如:run--running
swim--swimming
jog--jogging
sit---sitting
begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当于把gin改成双写的) .
像travel这种重读不在vel的，可以为travelled，也可以是traveled.
举两个很经典的例子：
forbid---forbidding (重读闭音节，双写).
prohibit---prohibiting (重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写).
变为过去式时[1]，重读闭音节也需双写末尾辅音字母
如prefer---preferred（重读闭音节，双写）
offer---offered（重读第一音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）
元音：a e i o u
辅音：b d g v r z n p m t c （k g) f l s h j w y q
半元音：y
2什么叫闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。可以这么理解：
闭音节： a)辅音+元音+辅音例如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;
b)元音+辅音例如 it、of;
c) 元音+多个辅音例如： egg ，fish 。
3重读音节
重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号“'”。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如：stu-dent -Chi-na -sec-ond -au-tumn in--deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：
a-bout be-fore ex-cuse re-pair for-get-ful in-ven-tor
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion
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