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作业评语——英语教学中常被遗忘的角落
蔡晓红
在英语教学中,我们重视课堂用语,但是忽视作业评语。翻开学生的作业本,看到的多是简单的对、错符号或分数或等级。几乎没有评语,至多是千篇一律的 All right,OK或Good。许多英语教师改进教学,把大量的时间用于备课、课堂教学、作业的布置与批改、测验考试等,却想不到花点时间用在学生的作业评语上。作业评语是英语教学中的一个重要环
节,有其自身的特点和功能。我认为,作业评语的重要性会随着人们对“素质教育”的重视而逐渐被认识。
一、 作业评语与课堂用语是英语教学的两个要素。
教师使用课堂用语是为了提高学生的英语口语理解和表达能力,对于知识点和书面表达的掌握程度则要通过作业来练习和检验。教师多使用作业评语可以提高学生的书面理解和表达能
力。课堂用语转眼即逝,而作业评语却能长久保存。在课堂上教师面对的是全班学生,在有限的课堂时间内不可能逐一对学生进行评价。而教师在批改作业时所面对的是每一位学生的作业,便于因材施教,个别指导。可以说,评语可弥补课堂教学的不足,是师生对话的一种方式。
学生阅读作业评语是对语言的实际运用。因为教师在评语中所使用的语言是有实际内容的,即对某个学生及其作业的具体情况所进行的分析或评价,所以很容易被学生理解、接受或效仿。
作业评语所使用的语言应该与学生的语言水平相当。教师可以利用学生已学的单词、短语、句型、时态、语态、语气或篇章结构等,也可以用即将接触的语言。这不仅可以评价作业,而且能帮助学生巩固和运用语言。例如:
1.单词:
GoodNiceGreatOkayLovelyPerfect
MarvelousPleasantWonderfulCorrectIncorrectCarelessUnclearUntidy
2.短语:
Very nice Quite correct Quite OKOkay)!
Neat and tidy Welldone WellwrittenJust sosoFar from correct So careless
3.句型:
AThat's all right!/That's OK./That's wrong./That's incorrect
BIt is clever of you to do so./It's nice of you to say so./It's careless of you to write this way
CYou've done so nicely./You've made such a careless mistake
DWhat good work you've done!/What a good boy you are How carefully you've worked!/How nice your work is
ETry to do better next time!/See what you've done!/Correct your mistakes./Don't do that again!/Don't be so silly John语文教育
FI find you've made a lot of progress!/I think you can work more carefully next time./I'm sorry you've made so many mistakes in your work
GYour handwriting is not so nice as Maggie's./You've done better than last time./You can do best of all if you try harder
HWhat do you think of your work?/How did you like your handwriting?/Isn't your work lovelyDon't make sucn a careless mistake againwill you?/Let's try to say correct Englishshall we
4.时态:
AJohn you've done best of all in your lass!/You've made so much progress
BYou're doing nicely
CYour English will become better if you work harder
DNow you can do better than you did before
EYou used to make a lot of mistakes in grammarbut now you do more correctly
5.语态:
AYou do your work well./Your work is well done
BYou have made great progress in English this term./Your English has been greatly improved this term
6.语气:
AYour English is excellent
BI wish you would work harder./How I wish you would be more careful
CPay attention to your spelling./Keep on and on
7.篇章:
Diana you always do well in English But sometimes you are a little careless You see what you've done hereYou've made such a funny mistakeI think you'll correct itTry to do your work as carefully as you can
有些教师认为,作业评语只是对作业本身进行评价,这是一种狭隘的观点。我认为,作业评语的内容也可以包括有关学生学习和生活的方方面面,其语言形式更可以干变万化。它们可以是:
一个词,例如:Great!(Perfect WonderfulSo nice!…)
一句话,例如:Annawhat a good girl you are!(How nice your work is You've done so wellIsn't it great…)
一则格言,例如:Practice makes perfect.(Where there's a will there's a way Time and tide waits for no man.)
还可以是三言两语的描述或随感,或是提出几个带启发性的问题。只要能帮助学生提高运用英语的能力,掌握英语知识,激发他们的学习兴趣和积极性,无所不可涉及,各种句式都可运用。
写好作业评语,教师不仅要有相当高的英语知识和灵活运用英语的能力,而且要有一定的文学素养。有时不是教师不想写作业评语,或担心写了学生理解不了,而是“书到用时方知少”,想写而写不出!
二、 作业评语可以实事求是地评价作业,是实施“素质教育”的需要。
长期以来由于受“应试教育”的影响,许多教师热衷于给学生作业打分数或划等级。实践证明,对某些学生,这样做不仅不能起到鼓励或鞭策的作用,相反还会抑制甚至打击学生的积极性,因为分数和等级的标准往往是片面的和机械的,容易抹杀学生的个性,不能准确地衡量学生的真实成绩,达不到因材施教的目的。而且,一般作业也不都适合评分。只有评语才能给学生以恰如其分的评价,使他们真正看到自己已取得的成绩,存在的缺点和努力的方向。
对差生的作业要批评,但更要多鼓励。例如:
Bobyou've made so many mistakes but do better next time
BillyI think you can do better if you work a little harder
Jenny be a careful girl and you'll make greater progress
一份差生的作业中可能有各种各样的语法错误,但是主要内容也许很好或书法很不错,如被全部地划叉或判为零分,这就如同倒洗澡水把孩子也一起倒掉了一样。而评语则可以起到去粗取精之功用。例如:
I find you're good at expressing yourselfAvoid making too many mistakes in grammar
You meant wellbut try to make your sentences correct
Sallyyou've made so many mistakes here Try to correct them I like your hand writing very muchKeep on
对优等生的作业表扬中要有指正。教师可通过评语向他们提出更高的要求,如增强创造力等。可以说:
It's good to be correct It's also important to be creative
ExcellentDianaYou haven't made any mistakesbut try to make your handwriting nicer
对中等生的作业应该慎重评价。他们往往是大错不犯,小错不断。在他们的评语中要多点督促,因为这一类学生往往就缺少那么一点“推动力”,如推一推就上去了,松一松便下来了。例如:
You'd better be more careful Pay more attention to verbs and their uses
Work harder and then you'll make much progress