5、一般过去时:主语 + 动词过去式
动词过去式的变化规律:
1. 直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked ,
2. 以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study—— studied carry——carried worry——worried,
4. 以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned
重读闭音节:单个元音字母后面有辅字母(r 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。就是一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母的单词。可以这么理解
a)辅音+元音+辅音 例如:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音 例如 it、of;
c) 元音+多个辅音 例如: egg ,fish 。
不规则变化的动词过去式:
have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt do/does---did is---was go---went
drink--drank eat--ate bring----brought think----thought buy----bought catch---- caught teach ---- taught sit----sat wear----wore cut----cut sweep----swept sleep——slept become----became
(1)表示过去的动作或状态,常和具体的过去时间状语或从句连用,如yesterday, just now,last year,in 2012, a few days ago, once upon a time(很久以前), in the old days, the other day(前几天), when I was 18 years old等。
eg: You′ve already missed too many classes this term. You missed two classes just last week.
eg: Did you have a party the other day?
eg: I had a conversation with Jack yesterday.
(2)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。
eg: I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
eg: Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
eg: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
eg: Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
(3)强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
eg: I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
(4)在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
eg: Lei Feng was a good soldier.
eg: Jane was a good teacher. (Jane已经死了。)
eg: Jane is a good teacher. (Jane还没有死。)
6、过去进行时:主语 + was(were)+ 动词现在分词
(1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
eg: He was reading newspaper when the telephone rang. 在电话响的时候,他正在读报纸。
eg: He was doing his homework from 7 to 9 last night. 昨天晚上7点到9点他正在做作业。
(2)when和while的用法区别:
when 既可以表示一定特定时间点,也可以表示一段时间,其所引导的从句使用一般过去时,而while只能表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的从句使用过去进行时。因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
eg: I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.
eg: When he finished his homework, he went to play basketball with his brother. .
eg: One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.
7、过去完成时:主语 + had + 动词过去分词
(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用 by,before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。
stop的过去式是什么eg: When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week,I was told she had left two days before.
eg: About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read,the Chinese had invented paper.(2)表示由过去的某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
eg: The chemistry class had begun for live minutes when we hurried there.
eg: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已经等了20分钟。
eg: He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
8、过去完成进行时:主语 + had been + 动词现在分词
(1)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到另一个过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
eg: I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我了好多天才着的。
eg: They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
(2)表示反复的一个动作
eg: He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我同样的一个问题。
eg: He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
9、一般将来时:下详
和一般将来时连用的时间状语:
1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening
2)next year/week/month/hour/day/century
3)in+一段时间
4) in the future
5) this afternoon/Sunday/evening
6) from now on
7) one day, someday (未来的)某天
8) soon
(1)will(shall)+ 动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
eg: He will come and help you. 他回来帮助你的。
eg: Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。
eg: The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。
eg: Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿,好吗?
eg: Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开,好吗?
(2)be going to + 动词原形:用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将要发生的某事,意为“打算;就要”。
eg: Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个讲座吗?
eg: We're going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。
eg: Look! It's going to rain. 瞧!快下雨了。
(3)be to + 动词原形:表示必须或安排、计划好了的动作。
eg: The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五环路将在国庆节前
通车。
eg: He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。
(4)be about to + 动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。
eg: The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。
eg: They're about to leave. (=They're leaving.) 他们就要走了。
(5)be + 动词现在分词:某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词,如:go,come,start,arrive,leave等,用现在进行时可表示将来。
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