1.What is polysemy?
Having multiple meanings that are related.
2.What are the two different ways of organising polysemous words? Explain them
1)The diachronic approach begins with the primary meaning and then arrange the other meanings (derived meanings) in the order in which they developed.古文骂人
2)The synchronic approach begins with the most popular meaning (central meaning) and then arrange the other meanings (marginal meanings) in order of popularity.
3.What are the two different ways in which polysemy develops? Explain them
1)Radiation. Secondary meanings are independent from one another and are derived directly from the primary meaning.
2)Concatenation. Secondary meanings are connected and derive from primary meaning through successive shifts of meaning from one secondary meaning to another.
4.What is homonymy?
Homonyms are works different in meaning but either identical both in sound or spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.
5.松茸汤的做法Give an example of a perfect homonym, a homophone and a homograph
2)homophone 同音异形 Knew/new, meet/meat
3)homograph 异音同形 record(v.)/record(n.)
6.Give an example of the rhetorical use of homonymy
Hi Jack （你好杰克）– hijack（打劫）
7.What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy? Give an example to illustrate the difference
1)Polysemy is about connection of meanings. Book can mean a book as in “I read a book”, and “I book a hotel room”. The second meaning is related to the first one because in the past hotel staff will write the customers’ information on a book when reserving a room.
2)homonymy is about form. Lie can mean not being honest or being in a horizontal position. These two meanings have the same form but no connection.
8.Classify the following pairs of antonyms into complementaries (binaries), contraries (gradable) or converses (relational). Explain why
1)Good/bad, contraries
2)odd/even, complementaries
3)above/below, converses
4)clean/dirty, contraries
5)remember/forget, complementaries?
6)old/young, contraries
7)before/after, converses
9.What is hyponymy? Give an example
The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of a more general word.
例Flower is the superordinate term, rose is the subordinate term.
10.What is synonymy?
Synonyms are words different in sound and spelling but nearly or exactly alike in essential meaning.
11.What is the difference between absolute and near (relative) synonyms?
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1)Absolute synonyms – interchangeable in every way
2)Near synonyms – similar in denotation but have different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.
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