Chapter 1
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.
1. What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?
2. What are analytical languages(分析语)? How are they characterized?
3. How man formal changes are possible to English words? Is there any formal change(形态变化) in Chinese language?
4. Why English language is more flexible is word order(语序)? Why is it not so in Chinese?
5. What is the usual word order in English sentences? Which are the nine types of inversion in English sentences?
6. What are the E—C differences in formal words(形式词)?
7. How many kinds of formal words (形式词)are there in English language?
8. How is English phonological system(语音系统) formed? How is Chinese one?
9. Does Chinese phonological and characteristic system have any advantage in literary forms?
10. Why Chinese is called Tone Language(声调语言)?
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.
11. 综合语的特征是 , 分析语的特征是 。
12. 英语有 变化,词序比汉语 ,但相对 。
13. 英语属于 语言。
14. 、 和 是表达语法意义的三大手段。
15. 形态变化就是词的 变化,包括 形态和 形态。
16. 现代英语的变化主要包括 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 等变化。
18. 汉语结构助词 、 、 类似于应用英语形态变化,但缺乏普遍性。
19. 英汉语在主谓宾的排列上都是 顺序。
20. 汉语的定语一般放在名词的 ,英语的定语一般放在名词的 。
21. 汉语没有形态变化,少用或不用 词,没有 从句,名词之前定语的长度 。
22. 汉语的实践顺序和逻辑顺序是按照 、 、 的顺序。
23. 英语的虚词包括 、 、 、 、 。
24. 汉语的虚词包括 、 和 。
25. 英语的语音系统由 、 、 和 组成。
26. 汉语的语音系统由 、 和 组成
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
Directions: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the use of omission strategy. Try to make your translation brief.
27. 中国人也好,外国人也好,死人也好,活人也好,对的就是对的,不对的就是不对的。(what is right is right, what is wrong is wrong, no matter he is a Chinese or foreigner, dead or alive).
28. 她有野心,她野心更大,想成为一个大明星。
29. 在当今中国,人人都在练功夫,功夫课也成为中国中部地区一些中学的必修课。
柯灵
30. 上学的,上学了;下海的,下海了。(some went to college, and the other got into business)
31. 这是一部美国的热门影片。
32. 周恩来举止优雅,待人体贴。
33. 如蒙早日寄来样品和报价,我方将不胜感激。
34. 我们大家都看出他能说会道。
35. 这笔资金注入,将给这个城市带来活力。
36. 骄傲使人落后。
37. 一把大火把整个村子烧成了白地。
38. 我们必须阻止陌生人靠近。
39. 我觉得自己就要死了样的。
40. 他觉得全身上下的肌肉都在颤动。
41. 这种结果真让我郁闷。
43. 新疆产地毯图案新颖,调雅致,备受青睐。
44. According to John, my cousin, London was most beautiful then.
45. In three hours we reached Washington monument, our destination
46. Chinese understandably spoke with proud of their achievements in the last decade.
47. I asked him to teach me French.
48. I invited him for a dinner at my home.
49. The earthquake reduced all the houses into pieces.
Chapter 2
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.
1. Why English is called compact(聚集) language while Chinese diffuse(流散) one?
2. What is the basic structure in English sentence?
3. How many basic sentence types are there in English language?
4. In which way English sentences can be enlarged?
5. In which means can the compactness of English sentence be guaranteed?
6. Which is the characteristic of Chinese predicates?
7. What are the regular types of Chinese sentence?
8. Why there are many illogical expressions in Chinese? Give some examples.
9. How is Chinese sentence variation embodied?
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