41种英⽂学术论⽂中引⽤证据和实例句型
证据和实例是学术论⽂中必不可少的⼀部分。在论⽂中所提供的说明能帮助强化⽂章的结论，但有时不恰当的表达也可能让读者对论⽂结论或是内容⼼⽣怀疑，因此要使⽤适当且符合逻辑的句⼦来引导读者理解。
陈述⾮常识性信息
1.直接引⽤
2.As [Author] indicated/ stated/ discovered
< As Smith indicated in a 2010 study . . .
3.According to [Author]
e.g According to Marks and Peters . . .
根据具体得出结论、推断或提出建议
4.suggests
< The strong negative correlation suggests that . . .
5.as evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by
< As evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by their enlarged adrenal glands, patients with . . .
6.based on
< Based on self-reported survey results . . .
7.can be seen/ observed when
< This phenomenon can be seen/ observed when wind speeds exceed . . .
8.as seen in
< As seen in the high recurrence rates of . . .
< As seen in the high recurrence rates of . . .
9.which is made apparent when
< The causal link between A and B, which is made apparent when B triggers . . .
10.is demonstrated by/ through/ when
< The efficacy of chocolate as a cure for unhappiness is demonstrated by survey results highlighted in . . .
11.hinges on
< This conclusion hinges on . .
澄清先前的陈述
12.for example
< This occurrence is rare. For example, only one in twenty . . .
13.for instance
< It is unlikely that current population growth rates are sustainable. For instance, several major coastal cities are already suffering from . . .best essay writing service on www.lxws
14.by way of illustration
< By way of illustration, less than 20% of new matriculants feel prepared for . . .
15.as an example
< As an example, when a country faces economic recession, polls indicate that over 80% of the population supports . . .
< clarify
< To clarify, not all government-funded facilities provide . . .
< explain further
< To explain further, large doses of Agent O can trigger . . .
18.namely
< Millennials prefer flexible work conditions, namely the ability to work remotely.
< be specific
< To be specific, bull markets can . . .
20.that is
< That is, significant and sudden drops in temperature can . . .
21.in other words
< In other words, short bursts of high-intensity
确定⼀个类别的典型例⼦
22.for example/ instance论文结论
< Typhoons are considered acts of God, for example/ instance.
23.such as
< The island is home to many native carnivorous plants, such as Venus flytraps.
<
< The only known bioluminescent vertebrates are fish (e.g. the anglerfish and lantern fish).
< One/ another example of this exception is . . .
26.like
< I prefer outdoor sports like mountain climbing because they allow me to enjoy nature while exercising.
< All mammals, excluding humans, stop drinking milk at a young age.
28.including
< All stars, including our sun, . . .
29.an example being
< Hawks feast on rodents, an example being . . .
注意：“such as”和“like”有两种不同的⽤法。“Such as”介绍了⼀个属于某个类别的特定⽰例。“Like”表⽰所举例证与所讨论的主题相似，但不包括在主题中。
根据具体数据得出结论、推断或提出建议
30.in a similar case
< In a similar case, a male patient with arthritis . . .
31.unlike the case of
< Unlike a single-blind study, a double-blind study reduces the risk of observer bias.
32.in the same way
< Redundancy and wordiness can be reduced in the same way: through careful editing.
33.as a case in point
< As a case in point, let’s look at the situation in which . . .
34.in a typical situation
< In a typical situation, marsupials would . . .
35.in a normal scenario
< In a normal scenario, cortisol suppressant effects . . .
通过强调⼀个特定的情况来强调某⼀点
36.for example
< Nocturnal marsupials, for example, have . . .
37.indeed
< Indeed, since the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . . .
38.in fact
< Ice-free habitats around Antarctica, in fact, have . . .
< High carbon steel alloys, notably, undergo a transformation when . . .
40.markedly
< Markedly, the deserts irregular rainfall levels have . . .
41.as a case in point
< As a case in point, the last known male northern white rhinoceros . . .